Respiratory

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

sphenoidal SinusFrontal SinusNasal CavityPharynx

Question 2

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 2

LarynxTracheaBronchiLungs

Question 3

Inside Lungs

Answer 3

Bronchiole RespiratoryBronchioleAlveolar ductAlveoli

Question 4

Olfactory Epithelium

Answer 4

Non-motile cBipolar neuron (one dendrite and one axon)Middle of the epitheliumilia chemoreceptor

Question 5

Olfactory Epithelium supporting cells

Answer 5

Columnar

Question 6

Olfactory Epithelium Basal cells

Answer 6

Small and spherical cells Stem cells for both olfactory neurons and supporting cells

Question 7

Nasal Cavity Respiratory Epithelium

Answer 7

Ciliated columnar cellsNumerousGoblet cellsBasal nucleiBrush cellsChemosensory receptorsSmall granule cellsNeuroendocrine systemBasal cellsMitotically active stem cells that can give rise to the other epithelial cells

Question 8

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 8

Sphenoid SinusFrontal SinusNasal CavityPharynx

Question 9

Layers of Nasal Cavity

Answer 9

Olfactory EpitheliumLamina PropriaCribriform Plate

Question 10

Above Nasal Cavity (from olfactory epithelium through Cribriform Plate:

Answer 10

Olfactory Bulb

Question 11

Parts of Olfactory bulb:

Answer 11

Mitral Cells, Glomeuli

Question 12

Olfactory epithelium contains:

Answer 12

Bipolar neurons (1 axon, 1 dendrite), non motile cilia chemoreceptors, columnar supporting cells, basal cells

Question 13

The Nasal Epithelium contains:

Answer 13

Ciliated columnar cellsNumerousGoblet cellsBasal nucleiBrush cellsChemosensory receptorsSmall granule cellsNeuroendocrine systemBasal cellsMitotically active stem cells that can give rise to the other epithelial cells

Question 14

layers of the trachea

Answer 14

Mucosa(Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium lamina proprea) and Submucosa GlandsMyoepithelial cellElastic fibersLymphoid tissueTrachealis muscle)CartilageAdventitia

Question 15

Characteristics of Mucosa:

Answer 15

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

Question 16

submucosa

Answer 16

GlandsMyoepithelial cellElastic fibersLymphoid tissueTrachealis muscle (myoepithelial cells are on the outside of secretory granule cells)

Question 17

Conducting portion of lung anatomy

Answer 17

primary bronchiole, 2ndary, tertiary, bronchioles, terminal bronchi

Question 18

respiratory portion of lung anatomy

Answer 18

respiratory bronchioles, alviolar sacs, lobule

Question 19

primary bronchiole enters each:

Answer 19

lung

Question 20

secondary bronchiole enters each:

Answer 20

lobe

Question 21

tertiary bronchiole enters each:

Answer 21

segment

Question 22

bronchioles enter each:

Answer 22

lobule

Question 23

large bronchus:

Answer 23

Layers are similar to trachea and primary bronchus.Isolated plates of hyaline cartilageAbundance of glandsSmooth muscle bundles and elastic fibers are more prominent in smaller bronchi.

Question 24

bronchioles

Answer 24

No cartilageFewer glandsMore SMC and Elastic fibersMore SMC

Question 25

terminal bronchioles

Answer 25

Ciliated cuboidal epitheliumSMC and elastic fibersGlandsClara cells (C, “club” cells)Non-ciliated and dome-shapedSecretion of surfactant-like substanceIn the mucosa lining

Question 26

terminal bronchiole vs respiratory bronchiole

Answer 26

Respiratory bronchiole is very similar to terminal bronchiole, except for the presence of numerous alveoli along its length.Alveolar ducts branch off respiratory bronchiole and lead to an alveolar sac.

Question 27

pulmonary vasculature:

Answer 27

Pulmonary arterioles are closer to the airway (blue). Why? (Is the blood in PA O2-rich or O2-poor?)Pulmonary venules (red)are more in the parenchyma of the lungs, away from the airway

Question 28

amount of cartilage (most-less)

Answer 28

Trachea, bronchi 1-3, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli ducts, alveoli sacs

Question 29

ratio of smooth muscle to cartilage (least-most)

Answer 29

Trachea, bronchi 1-3, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli ducts, alveoli sacs

Question 30

epithelium of trachea:

Answer 30

pseudo-stratified columnar

Question 31

layers of trachea:

Answer 31

Muc, submuc, cart, adventitia

Question 32

other cells of trachea:

Answer 32

goblet cells, basal cells

Question 33

epithelium/layers of bronchi 1-3

Answer 33

similar to trachea (pseudo-stratified columnar, mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia

Question 34

epithelium of bronchioles

Answer 34

Ciliated pseudo-stratified to ciliated simple columnarSimple cuboidal

Question 35

layers of bronchioles;

Answer 35

mucousa, muscularis, submucosa adventitia

Question 36

other cells of bronchioles

Answer 36

Clara (club) cells (terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles)

Question 37

epithelium of respiratory bronchioles

Answer 37

ciliated simple cuboidal

Question 38

layers of respiratory bronchioles:

Answer 38

mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, adventitia

Question 39

alveoli ducts:

Answer 39

Simple cuboidal to squamous

Question 40

layers of alveoli ducts:

Answer 40

mucosa submucosa

Question 41

alveoli sacs

Answer 41

simple squamous

Question 42

layers of alveoli sacs

Answer 42

mucosa submucosa

Question 43

3 types of cells in lungs;

Answer 43

simple squamous, septal cells (cuboidal) to produce surfactant (reduce surface tension), macrophage (biggest cell)

Question 44

what is surfactant and how is it produced?

Answer 44

Surfactant is to reduce the adhesiveness of water molecules to the alveolar membrane, thus reducing surface tensionproduced by septal cells (cuboidal)

Question 45

what systems are involved in the gas exchange in the alveoli?

Answer 45

Conducting zone: Air conductionAlveoli: Gas exchangeCirculatory system: CirculationRBC: O2/CO2

Question 46

myoepithelial cells

Answer 46

move-yo-epithelilal cells (cells lining lumin of ducts in exocrine glands,