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REPOSITORY - Head and Neck Anatomy > Superficial Face and Muscles of Facial Expression > Flashcards

Superficial Face and Muscles of Facial Expression Flashcards

1
Q

what are the borders of the face

A

forehead to chin and one ear to the other

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2
Q

what is the cutaneous innervation of the forehead and vertex provided by

A

trigeminal nerve

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3
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the scalp and skin over posterior part of head provided by

A

2nd and 3rd spinal nerves

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4
Q

what nerve gives sensory innervation to the angle of the mandible

A

great auricular nerve from c2 and c3 via cervical plexus

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5
Q

what do dilator muscles do

A

either lift, depress of pull mouth

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6
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression anchored to

A

bone or fascia on one end and skin on the other

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7
Q

how do the facial muscles produce an effect

A

by pulling on skin

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8
Q

what are the main facial muscles

A

buccinatory, orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, occipitofrontalis, platysma

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9
Q

where does the facial nerve enter the skull

A

via the internal acoustic meatus

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10
Q

where does the facial nerve exit the skull

A

via stylomastoid foramen

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11
Q

what branches of the facial nerve are given off at the stylomastoid foramen

A

posterior auricular and digastric nerve

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12
Q

what are the 5 main branches of the facial nerve

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

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13
Q

what does the temporal branch supply

A

forehead and muscles around upper eyelid

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14
Q

what does the zygomatic branch supply

A

lower eyelid and upper lip

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15
Q

what does the buccal branch supply

A

cheek, upper lip, orbicularis oris

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16
Q

what does the marginal mandibular branch supply

A

lower lip, chin, orbicularis oris

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17
Q

what does the cervical branch supply

A

platysma

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18
Q

what is the occipitofrontalis muscle supplied by

A

temporal branch for frontal belly
posterior auricular branch for occipital belly

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19
Q

what are the actions of the occipitofrontalis

A

retract scalp, wrinkle forehead and elevate eyebrows

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20
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

A

origin - epicranial aponeurosis
insertion - skin/subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead

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21
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

A

origin - lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line
insertion - epicranial aponeurosis

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22
Q

what are the 2 parts of the orbicularis oculi

A

palpebral and orbital

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23
Q

what is the orbicularis oculi innervated by

A

temporal and zygomatic branches of CNVII

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24
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi

A

origin - medial palpebral ligament
insertion - lateral palpebral raphe

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25
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi

A

origin - nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla and medial palpebral ligament
insertion - skin around margin of orbit

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26
Q

what does the palpebral orbicularis oculi do

A

close eye gently

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27
Q

what does the orbital orbicularis oculi do

A

close eye tightly

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28
Q

what is the function of the orbicularis oculi

A

protects eyeballs from injury, light and keep moist by spreading lacrimal fluid

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29
Q

what type of muscle is the orbicularis oris

A

a sphincter muscle

30
Q

what is the orbicularis oris innervated by

A

buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CNVII

31
Q

what is the origin of the orbicularis oris

A

buccinator/surrounding muscles and medial mandible/maxilla

32
Q

what is the insertion of the orbicularis oris

A

mucous membrane of lips

33
Q

what is the action of the orbicularis oris

A

close and/or protrude lips

34
Q

what is the buccinator supplied by

A

buccal branches of CNVII

35
Q

what is the origin of the buccinator

A

posterior part of alveolar process of maxilla/mandible and from pterygomandibular raphe

36
Q

what is the insertion of the buccinator

A

orbicularis oris

37
Q

what is the action of the buccinator

A

press the cheeks against the molar teeth and works with the tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces of teeth and out of vestibule, assists with smiling

38
Q

what is the platysma innervated by

A

cervical branch of CNVII

39
Q

what does the platysma originate from

A

subcutaneous tissue of the infra and supraclavicular regions

40
Q

where does the platysma insert

A

at base of mandible to merge with orbicularis oris, skin of cheek, lower lip and angle of mouth

41
Q

what is the action of the platysma

A

tense the skin of inferior face/neck and depress the mandible

42
Q

what is the job of the dilators of the mouth

A

widen/lift/depress the corners of the mouth

43
Q

where are the dilators around the mouth

A

radiate from lips to angle of mouth

44
Q

what is responsible for dimples

A

modiolus (interlace of 9 facial muscles)

45
Q

what does the levator anguli oris do

A

lift the corner of the mouth and widen in grin

46
Q

what does the depressor anguli oris do

A

depress the corner of the mouth

47
Q

what is the risorius muscle associated with

A

laughing/grinning

48
Q

what does the zygomaticus major do

A

lift the angle of the mouth in smile

49
Q

what does the levator labii superioris do and what does it work with

A

works with zygomaticus muscle to elevate and evert upper lip

50
Q

what does the depressor labii inferioris act on

A

lower lip to pout

51
Q

what do the procerus and transverse part of the nasalis do

A

depress medial eyebrow and wrinkle skin over dorsal nose

52
Q

what does the alar part of the nose do

A

works with levator laii superioris to depress wings of nose (flares nostrils)

53
Q

what does the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi do

A

lifts the upper lip and wings of nose

54
Q

what is the majority of the blood supply to the face from

A

external carotid artery, some internal carotid artery

55
Q

what parts of the internal carotid artery are used in the blood supply to the face

A

zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal, supraorbital, supratrochlear

56
Q

what branches if the external carotid artery are used to supply the face

A

facial, buccal, mental, infraorbital, transverse facial

57
Q

why do wounds bleed a lot on the face

A

terminal branches of veins and arteries anastomose freely across the midline so there is a lot of blood flow

58
Q

what drains the blood supply of the face

A

facial vein to internal jugular vein

59
Q

where do the facial vein and superior ophthalmic vein connect and where do they go

A

at medial angle of eye to the cavernous sinus

60
Q

what is the retromandibular vein formed by

A

superficial temporal and maxillary vein

61
Q

where does the retromandibular vein run

A

within parotid gland

62
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain into

A

the subclavian vein

63
Q

how do skin infections spread to the cavernous sinus

A

blood flows both ways, bacteria can spread to the brain and as the blood supply is slow the bacteria has time to multiply in the cavernous sinus

64
Q

what are the layers of the eyelids

A

skin, connective tissue, conjunctiva, muscle, tarsus, orbital septum

65
Q

what are the eyelids covered internally by

A

transparent mucous membrane (conjunctiva)

66
Q

what are the 2 parts of the conjunctiva

A

palpebral and bulbar

67
Q

what is the bulbar part of the conjunctive attached to

68
Q

what are the eyelids supported by

A

dense bands of connective tissue (tarsus)

69
Q

what is the inferior border of the eyelids formed by

A

orbital septum

70
Q

what is the orbital septum

A

a fibrous membrane from tarsi to margins of orbit and then continuous with periosteum of bone

71
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the eyelids supplied by

A

CNV1 and CNV2

72
Q

why do wounds bleed a lot on the face

A

terminal branches of veins and arteries anastomose freely across the midline so there is a lot of blood flow

REPOSITORY - Head and Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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