Larynx Flashcards
what is the function of the larynx
speech production
what are the boundaries of the larynx
laryngopharynx and trachea
how many laryngeal cartilages are there
9
what are the 3 single cartilages
cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis
what are the 3 paired cartilages
arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate
how is the epiglottis attached to the hyoid bone
by the epiglottic ligament
what is the prominence on the thyroid called
laryngeal prominence
how are the superior border of thyroid cartilage and superior bone attached to the hyoid bone
through the thyrohyoid membrane
what joint does the inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and the articular surface of cricoid cartilage form
cricothyroid joint
what is the function of the joints on either side of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage
for rotation and gliding of thyroid cartilage, change length of vocal folds and pitch of voice
what attaches the cricoid to the first tracheal ring
by cricotracheal ring
how are the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage attached
cricothyroid ligament
what is the clinical significance of the median cricothyroid ligament
it is where the surgical airway is put in with a cricothyrotomy
where is the epiglottis
between oropharynx and laryngopharynx
what is the function of the epiglottis
protect airway from food
how is the epiglottis attached to the thyroid cartilage
by thyroepiglottic ligament
on what surface does the arytenoid cartilages articulate with the cricoid cartilage
inferior surface
what is the shape of the arytenoid cartilages
pyramidal with vocal press anteriorly and large muscular process on the base
what does the anterior vocal press of the arytenoid cartilage do
provide posterior attachment for vocal ligament
what is the extrinsic membrane
thyrohyoid membrane
where is the thyrohyoid membrane
between thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone
what are the intrinsic ligaments and membranes
quadrangular membrane, cricothyroid ligament, vocal ligament, vestibular ligament, aryepiglottic ligament
where is the quadrangular membrane
from arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage to epiglottis
what is the free inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane
vestibular ligament
what is the free superior ligament of the quadrangular membrane
aryepiglottic ligament (forms epiglottic fold)
where does the cricothyroid ligament run from
from cricoid to arytenoid to thyroid cartilage
what does the cricothyroid ligament form laterally and superiorly
conus elasticus laterally
vocal ligament superiorly
what is the vocal ligament made of
superior free edge of cricothyroid ligament
what are the 3 laryngeal folds
aryepiglottic, vestibular and vocal
where is the aryepiglottic fold
over the superior free edge of the quadrangular membrane
what does the aryepiglottic fold form
laryngeal inlet
what is the laryngeal inlet
protective sphincter of the larynx
what are the false vocal cords
vestibular
what are the true vocal cords
vocal folds
where is the vestibular fold
over inferior edge of quadrangular membrane (vestibular ligament)
what is the function of the vestibular fold
protection
where is the vocal fold
over the superior free edge of the cricothyroid ligament (vocal ligament)
what is the function of the vocal fold
sound production
what are the 3 functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
open or close rima glottidis
alter tension of vocal folds
open or close laryngeal inlet
what important role do the vocal and vestibular folds play
coughing, sneezing and raising intraabdominal pressure during parturition and defecation and lifting heavy objects
what are the extrinsic muscles
infrahyoid, suprahyoids, stylopharyngeus
what is the function of the extrinsic muscles
move larynx as a whole
which muscle opens the rima glottidis
posterior crictoarytenoid but abducting vocal folds
what muscles closes the rima glottidis
transverse arytenoid muscle (extends the oblique arytenoid muscles)
lateral cricothyroid muscle (adduction)
what is the result of lengthened vocal fold on pitch and what muscle does this
higher pitch due to increased tension
cricothyroid muscle (pulls thyroid cartilage)
what is the result of shortened vocal folds on pitch and what muscle does this
lower pitch due to reduced tension
thyroarytenoid muscle (pulls arytenoid cartilages)
what muscle is the principle tensor
cricothyroid muscle
what muscle is the principle relaxer
thyroarytenoid muscle
what is the closure of the laryngeal inlet by
oblique arytenoid muscle acting as purse string to bring aryepiglottic folds together
also extrinsic muscles elevating the larynx
what is the opening of the laryngeal inlet by
descent of larynx by elastic recoil
what are the intrinsic muscles supplied by
recurrent laryngeal nerve
what is the sensory nerve supply of the vocal folds
above them is by internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
below is by recurrent laryngeal nerve
what does the rima glottiidis look like during quiet respiration
triangular shape as muscles are relaxed
vocal and vestibular folds abducted
what does the rima glottidis look like during forced inspiration
more widely opening by posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
kite shaped
what does the rima glottidis look like when during speech production
closed and air forced through which vibrates
vocal folds adducted
what does the larynx look like when swallowing
rima glottidis closed
vocal and vestibular folds adducted
vestibule closed by vestibular folds for extra protection
what is the forced expiratory effort called
valsalva manoeuvre
why is the valsalva manoeuvre perfomed
equalise pressure in middle ear
