Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

how is the nasal cavity separated from the oral cavity

Answer 1

by the hard palate (palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bones)

Question 2

what makes up the posterior aperture

Answer 2

choanae

Question 3

what are the bones of the external nose

Answer 3

nasal bones, frontal process of maxilla

Question 4

what cartilages make up the external nose

Answer 4

septal cartilage
major and minor alar cartilage

Question 5

which muscles overly the bones and cartilage of the external nose

Answer 5

nasalis, depressor septi nasi, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 6

what are the nares

Answer 6

anterior opening of nasal cavity

Question 7

what does the incisive canal connect

Answer 7

nasal and oral cavity

Question 8

what does the incisive canal contain

Answer 8

nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery

Question 9

what is the nasal crest

Answer 9

ridge formed at connection of paired maxilla and palatine bones
attachment of vomer of nasal septum

Question 10

what is the nasal septum

Answer 10

the medial wall of the nasal cavities

Question 11

what are the main components of the medial wall of nasal cavity

Answer 11

septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer

Question 12

what is a septal deviation

Answer 12

where the septum is displaced away from the midline

Question 13

what causes a septal deviation

Answer 13

birth defect or injury

Question 14

what does a septal deviation cause for the patient

Answer 14

snoring, difficulty breathing through nose, nosebleeds

Question 15

how is a septal deviation corrected

Answer 15

surgically

Question 16

what is the highest point of the nose formed by

Answer 16

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 17

anteriorly, what is the roof of the nose formed by

Answer 17

nasal bones, nasal spine of frontal bone

Question 18

posteriorly, what is the roof of the nose formed by

Answer 18

sphenoid bone

Question 19

what bones form the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 19

nasal, ethmoid (superior and middle conchae, uncinate process), lacrimal, maxilla, inferior concha, palatine bone, sphenoid bone

Question 20

what cartilages extend the lateral surface of the nasal cavity

Answer 20

lateral process of septal cartilage, alar cartilages of external nose

Question 21

what is the structure of the ethmoid bone in the nasal cavity

Answer 21

left and right labyrinth with single midline perpendicular plate and cribriform plate

Question 22

what does the ethmoidal labyrinth project into the nasal cavity

Answer 22

superior and middle conchae

Question 23

what are the 3 nasal concahe

Answer 23

superior, middle and inferior

Question 24

what underlies the conchae

Answer 24

meatus

Question 25

what does the labyrinth structure of the ethmoid bone allow

Answer 25

creates air streams, increasing surface area between lateral wall of nasal cavity and respired air. allows air to engage with the nasal septum and blood supply to allow for moisturisation and purification and warming of air

Question 26

what is the innervation of the nasal cavity

Answer 26

olfactory nerve (special sensory), ophthalmic nerve (sensory), maxillary nerve (sensory)

Question 27

what branch of the ophthalmic nerve innervates the nose

Answer 27

anterior ethmoidal

Question 28

what branches of the maxillary nerve innervates the nose

Answer 28

anterior superior alveolar nerve, infraorbital nerve, nasopalatine nerve, lateral nasal nerves

Question 29

what is the parasympathetic preganglionic fibre route to the nasal cavity

Answer 29

axons from salivatory nucleus in brainstem are carried to the greater petrosal nerve of CNVII to pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 30

what is the parasympathetic postganglionic fibre route to the nasal cavity

Answer 30

post-ganglionic axons are carried within branches of maxillary nerve

Question 31

what is the sympathetic preganglionic route to the nasal cavity

Answer 31

axons from sympathetic trunk ascend in the internal carotid plexus and travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion via deep petrosal nerve

Question 32

what is the sympathetic postganglionic route to the nasal cavity

Answer 32

fibres carried in the maxillary nerve branches to nasal cavity

Question 33

what arteries supply the nasal cavity

Answer 33

ICA and ECA

Question 34

what are the branches of the external carotid artery that supply the nasal cavity

Answer 34

maxillary artery (sphenopalatine and greater palatine) facial artery (superior labial, lateral nasal)

Question 35

what are the branches of the ICA that supply the nasal cavity

Answer 35

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 36

which area can nosebleeds commonly occur and why

Answer 36

anterior septal region due to anastomoses of the arteries supplying the nose

Question 37

where do the veins that drain the nasal cavity drain to

Answer 37

pterygoid plexus, facial vein, cavernous sinus

Question 38

what are paranasal sinuses

Answer 38

hollow cavities in bones within the skull that are lined with respiratory epithelium and open into nasal cavity

Question 39

what are the paranasal sinuses

Answer 39

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

Question 40

where do anterior cells of the ethmoidal sinus drain to

Answer 40

infundibulum in middle meatus

Question 41

where do middle cells of the ethmoidal sinus drain to

Answer 41

middle meatus at the ethmoidal bulla

Question 42

where do the posterior cells of the ethmoidal sinus drain to

Answer 42

superior meatus

Question 43

where does the maxillary sinus drain to

Answer 43

middle meatus at the semilunar hiatus

Question 44

where does the frontal sinus drain to

Answer 44

middle meatus at the infundibulum

Question 45

where does the sphenoid sinus drain to

Answer 45

sphenoethmoidal recess superiorly and posteriorly in the nasal cavity

Question 46

what can removal of the maxillary molar teeth mean for the maxillary sinus

Answer 46

can create an OAC

Question 47

what sensation can occur with an OAC

Answer 47

toothache