Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
how is the nasal cavity separated from the oral cavity
by the hard palate (palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bones)
what makes up the posterior aperture
choanae
what are the bones of the external nose
nasal bones, frontal process of maxilla
what cartilages make up the external nose
septal cartilage
major and minor alar cartilage
which muscles overly the bones and cartilage of the external nose
nasalis, depressor septi nasi, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
what are the nares
anterior opening of nasal cavity
what does the incisive canal connect
nasal and oral cavity
what does the incisive canal contain
nasopalatine nerve and greater palatine artery
what is the nasal crest
ridge formed at connection of paired maxilla and palatine bones
attachment of vomer of nasal septum
what is the nasal septum
the medial wall of the nasal cavities
what are the main components of the medial wall of nasal cavity
septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer
what is a septal deviation
where the septum is displaced away from the midline
what causes a septal deviation
birth defect or injury
what does a septal deviation cause for the patient
snoring, difficulty breathing through nose, nosebleeds
how is a septal deviation corrected
surgically
what is the highest point of the nose formed by
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
anteriorly, what is the roof of the nose formed by
nasal bones, nasal spine of frontal bone
posteriorly, what is the roof of the nose formed by
sphenoid bone
what bones form the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
nasal, ethmoid (superior and middle conchae, uncinate process), lacrimal, maxilla, inferior concha, palatine bone, sphenoid bone
what cartilages extend the lateral surface of the nasal cavity
lateral process of septal cartilage, alar cartilages of external nose
what is the structure of the ethmoid bone in the nasal cavity
left and right labyrinth with single midline perpendicular plate and cribriform plate
what does the ethmoidal labyrinth project into the nasal cavity
superior and middle conchae
what are the 3 nasal concahe
superior, middle and inferior
what underlies the conchae
meatus
what does the labyrinth structure of the ethmoid bone allow
creates air streams, increasing surface area between lateral wall of nasal cavity and respired air. allows air to engage with the nasal septum and blood supply to allow for moisturisation and purification and warming of air
what is the innervation of the nasal cavity
olfactory nerve (special sensory), ophthalmic nerve (sensory), maxillary nerve (sensory)
what branch of the ophthalmic nerve innervates the nose
anterior ethmoidal
what branches of the maxillary nerve innervates the nose
anterior superior alveolar nerve, infraorbital nerve, nasopalatine nerve, lateral nasal nerves
what is the parasympathetic preganglionic fibre route to the nasal cavity
axons from salivatory nucleus in brainstem are carried to the greater petrosal nerve of CNVII to pterygopalatine ganglion
what is the parasympathetic postganglionic fibre route to the nasal cavity
post-ganglionic axons are carried within branches of maxillary nerve
what is the sympathetic preganglionic route to the nasal cavity
axons from sympathetic trunk ascend in the internal carotid plexus and travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion via deep petrosal nerve
what is the sympathetic postganglionic route to the nasal cavity
fibres carried in the maxillary nerve branches to nasal cavity
what arteries supply the nasal cavity
ICA and ECA
what are the branches of the external carotid artery that supply the nasal cavity
maxillary artery (sphenopalatine and greater palatine)
facial artery (superior labial, lateral nasal)
what are the branches of the ICA that supply the nasal cavity
anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
which area can nosebleeds commonly occur and why
anterior septal region due to anastomoses of the arteries supplying the nose
where do the veins that drain the nasal cavity drain to
pterygoid plexus, facial vein, cavernous sinus
what are paranasal sinuses
hollow cavities in bones within the skull that are lined with respiratory epithelium and open into nasal cavity
what are the paranasal sinuses
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
where do anterior cells of the ethmoidal sinus drain to
infundibulum in middle meatus
where do middle cells of the ethmoidal sinus drain to
middle meatus at the ethmoidal bulla
where do the posterior cells of the ethmoidal sinus drain to
superior meatus
where does the maxillary sinus drain to
middle meatus at the semilunar hiatus
where does the frontal sinus drain to
middle meatus at the infundibulum
where does the sphenoid sinus drain to
sphenoethmoidal recess superiorly and posteriorly in the nasal cavity
what can removal of the maxillary molar teeth mean for the maxillary sinus
can create an OAC
what sensation can occur with an OAC
toothache
