Parotid Region and Facial Nerve Flashcards
where is the parotid region
anterior to the ear and inferior to the zygomatic arch
what does the parotid region contain
parotid gland, parotid duct, facial nerve, ECA, retromandibular vein
where is the parotid gland
outside of the oral cavity between zygomatic arch and lower border of mandible
what is the parotid gland enclosed in
the parortid sheath
what is the parotid sheath
tough capsule derived from investing layer of fascia
where does the parotid duct enter the mouth
near upper 2nd molars
what structure does the parotid duct pierce
buccinator
what makes the parotid gland flexible
fatty tissue between lobes of gland
what structures are embedded in the parotid gland
retromandibular vein, external carotid artery, parotid lymph nodes, CNVII
what does the external carotid artery give off when it enters the parotid gland
posterior auricular artery
what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery
superficial temporal and maxillary artery
what is the arterial supply to the parotid gland
superficial temporal, maxillary and posterior auricular
where do the preganglionic fibres for the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland come from and where do they go
from glossopharyngeal nerve to the otic ganglion in the tympanic nerve and lesser petrosal nerve
where do the postganglionic fibres in the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland come from and where do they go
from the otic ganglion to the auriculotemporal nerve and then parotid gland
what is the sympathetic innervation from the parotid gland from
superior cervical ganglion and nerve plexus on the external carotid artery
what does the sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland lead to
vasoconstriction and some reduction in the volume of saliva that leads to dry mouth
where does the intratemporal portion of the facial nerve travel once it exits the pons
into internal acoustic meatus then facial canal.
what do the 2 roots of the facial nerve join to form
geniculate ganglion
before exiting the skull, what branches come off of the facial nerve
nerve to stapedius (middle ear), chorda tympani (joins lingual to tongue)
where does the facial nerve exit the skull
stylomastoid foramen
what branches of the facial nerve are given off at the extratemporal part
posterior auricular and digastric branch
what re the 5 branches of the parotid gland
temporal branch, zygomatic branch, buccal branches, marginal mandibular branch, cervical branch
if the zygomatic branch is paralysed what does it affect
orbicularis oculi, inferior eyelid falls away and lacrimal fluid cannot be spread and falls onto face = corneal damage
if the buccal branch is paralysed what does it affect
buccinator and orbicularis oris - food needs to be manually removed if accumulated in mouth
what is the suspected cause of bells palsy
unknown but could be viral infections around the facial nerve
what is important to remember to give to a patient with bells palsy
eye patch
if bells palsy lasts more than 2 years what can be done to fix aesthetics
static reconstruction using tensor fasciae latae from leg
what procedure can lead to bruising/injury to the facial nerve
parotidectomy
if you suspect that a parotidectomy will damage the facial nerve, which nerve can be grafted to replace it
great auricular nerve
what is mumps
viral infection in children
what are the symptoms of mumps
fever, headache, joint pain
what clinical sign is detectable when a child has mumps
swelling of parotid gland
why is the swelling of the parotid gland painful
as it is in a fibrous capsule
