Lymphatics of Head and Neck Flashcards
what is the function of the lymphatic system
drainage of surplus tissue, fluid and plasma proteins
what happens to the lymphatic vessels if there is an infection
they swell
where is the thoracic duct
left venous angle
what drains into the thoracic duct
all of body (not right quadrant)
where does the right quadrant of the body drain to
right lymphatic duct
what are the 5 groups of lymph nodes in the head
occipital, posterior auricular, anterior auricular, superficial parotid, facial
what do the posterior and anterior auricular and superficial parotid drain
external ear, lacrimal glands, adjacent regions of scalp and face
what does the occipital nodes drain
the scalp of that region
where are the facial nodes located
along facial vein
what are the 4 groups of the facial nodes
nasolabial, buccal, mandibular, infraorbital
what is the pattern of drainage in the facial nodes
from superior to inferior and then to deep cervical nodes
what nodes appear bigger when there is an infection in the teeth
facial (submandibular)
what are the deep parotid lymph nodes
deep parotid and retropharyngeal
what are the 4 groups of lymph nodes within the neck
submental, submandibular, external jugular, interior jugular
what do the submental nodes drain
lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, apex of tongue and mandibular incisors
where do the submental nodes drain to
deep cervical nodes
what is swelling in the submental nodes due to
epstein barr/dental infections/cancer spread
where are the submandibular lymph nodes
in submandibular triangle
what do submandibular lymph nodes drain
cheek, upper lip, body of tongue, anterior hard palate and most of teeth
what is enlargement in the submandibular glands due to
head and neck infections from sinuses, ears, eyes, scalp and pharynx
what does the submandibular glands transfer infection from
oral cavity, nasal cavity, submandibular salivary glands
what are external jugular lymph nodes
secondary lymph nodes
what do the external jugular lymph nodes drain
the back of the head
what determines whether the deep cervical lymph nodes are superior or inferior
based on where the omohyoid crosses the IJV
what do the superior deep cervical nodes drain
posterior nasal cavity, posterior hard palate, soft palate, base of tongue, maxillary 3rd molars, TMJ, oesophagus, trachea, thyroid gland
name a prominent superior deep cervical node, where is it, what does it drain
jugulodigastric (tonsillar node)
posterior to angle of mandible
drains palatine tonsils
what do the inferior deep cervical nodes drain
posterior scalp, neck, superior pectoral, arm
what nodes are of greater risk of breast cancer
inferior deep cervical nodes
name a prominent inferior deep cervical node and what does it drain
jugulo-omohyoid
drains tongue, submental triangle
where are the supraclavicular nodes
near sternoclavicular joint and thoracic duct
what do nodes feel like in malignancy
hard but painless
if there is a swelling in the submandibular lymph nodes, where could the disease be
oral cavity, face, nasal cavity, maxillary sinus
if there is a swelling in the supraclavicular lymph nodes, where could the disease be
thorax and abdomen
how are the lymph nodes clinically relevant
lymphogenous spread of cancer
points to systemic/local disease
