Root of the Neck and Prevertebral Muscles

Question 1

what is the anterior boundary of the root of the neck

Answer 1

top of manubrium and superior border of clavicle

Question 2

what is the posterior boundary of the root of the neck

Answer 2

body of T1 and superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

Question 3

what is the lateral boundary of the root of the neck

Answer 3

first pair of ribs and costal cartilage

Question 4

what is the inferior boundary of the neck

Answer 4

superior thoracic aperture and axillary inlets

Question 5

where does the EJV and AJV terminate

Answer 5

in the root of the neck

Question 6

where does the IJV drain

Answer 6

it turns laterally and drains either into the EJV or into the subclavian vein

Question 7

what does the right and left AJV form

Answer 7

they join to form the jugular venous arch across the midline

Question 8

what is the brachial plexus

Answer 8

major plexus of nerves from the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 which form 3 trunks and then split into divisions

Question 9

what is the cervical pleura

Answer 9

the superior continuation of the costal and mediastinal parts of the parietal pleura

Question 10

what is the suprapleural membrane

Answer 10

a strong fibrous connective tissue that is an extension of the endothoracic fascia

Question 11

where does the suprapleural membrane attach to

Answer 11

the internal surface of rib 1 and the transverse processes of C7

Question 12

what does the suprapleural membrane act as

Answer 12

a barrier to prevent changes in intrathoracic pressure drawing upon contents in the neck

Question 13

what are the 3 branches which come off of the aortic arch

Answer 13

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Question 14

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into

Answer 14

right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Question 15

what is the brachiocephalic trunk covered by

Answer 15

the right sternohyoid and sternothyroid

Question 16

what does the subclavian artery supply

Answer 16

the upper limbs and some branches into the brain

Question 17

what are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery

Answer 17

medial, posterior, lateral

Question 18

what are the 3 parts of the first part of the subclavian artery (the medial part)

Answer 18

vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery

Question 19

where does the vertebral artery go?

Answer 19

ascends in the neck to enter foramen transversarium at C6 and ascend to foramen magnum and become basilar artery in the brain

Question 20

what does the vertebral artery supply

Answer 20

brain and spinal cord

Question 21

what are the 3 parts of the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 21

inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery

Question 22

where does the inferior thyroid artery travel to

Answer 22

thyroid

Question 23

what does the inferior thyroid artery supply

Answer 23

larynx, trachea, oesophagus, thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 24

what are the terminal branches of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

Answer 24

inferior thyroid artery and ascending cervical artery

Question 25

where does the internal thoracic artery travel to

Answer 25

descends to thoracic cavity to 6th intercostal space

Question 26

what does the internal thoracic artery supply

Answer 26

intercostal spaces

Question 27

what is the trunk of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery

Answer 27

costocervical trunk

Question 28

what does the costocervical trunk split into

Answer 28

supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery

Question 29

what is the 3rd part of the subclavian artery

Answer 29

dorsal scapular artery

Question 30

where does the subclavian vein begin

Answer 30

at the lateral border of the first rib leading on from the axillary vein

Question 31

what joins to form the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 31

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 32

where does the IJV and subclavian vein join

Answer 32

at the venous angle

Question 33

what is the thoracic duct

Answer 33

a major lymphatic drainage channel that begins in the abdomen

Question 34

where does the thoracic duct enter the venous system

Answer 34

between the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

Question 35

what is the function of the prevertebral muscles

Answer 35

rotates the head and neck

Question 36

what are the anterior vertebral muscles

Answer 36

longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, anterior scalene

Question 37

what are the lateral vertebral muscles

Answer 37

rectus capitis lateralis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle and posterior scalenes

Question 38

what do the lateral vertebral muscles form

Answer 38

the floor of the lateral cervical region

Question 39

what is the function of levator scapulae

Answer 39

elevates scapula and rotates it

Question 40

what is the function of the middle and posterior scalenes

Answer 40

flex neck laterally

Question 41

what is the function of splenius capitis

Answer 41

laterally flexes and rotates head and neck

Question 42

what is the function of rectus capitis lateralis

Answer 42

flexes and stabilises head

Question 43

what is the function of longus colli

Answer 43

flexes neck with rotation to opposite side

Question 44

what is the function of longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior and anterior scalene

Answer 44

flex head