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REPOSITORY - Head and Neck Anatomy > Osteology of the Skull and Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Osteology of the Skull and Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones are in the skull?

A

23

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2
Q

what is the function of the skull

A

to house the brain, provide attachment for muscles, provide framework for the head

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3
Q

what are flat, smooth bones formed by?

A

intramembranous ossification

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4
Q

what are irregular bones formed by?

A

endochondral ossification

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5
Q

what are pneumatised bones?

A

bones with air spaces

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6
Q

how are flat and irregular bones distinguished?

A

by shape and embryological origin

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7
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the skull

A

neurocranium and viscerocranium

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8
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

bony case of the brain including cranial meninges

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9
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

anterior part of cranium that consists of bones around oral cavity, nasal cavity and most of the orbit

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10
Q

what is the function of air spaces

A

to reduce weight and add resonance to the voice

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11
Q

how many bones are in the neurocranium and what are they?

A

8 bones, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, temporal, parietal

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12
Q

how many bones are in the viscerocranium, and what are they?

A

ethmoid, vomer, mandible, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, palatine, maxilla, inferior nasal conchae

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13
Q

what is the vertex?

A

superior point of neurocranium in the middle

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14
Q

what is the bregma

A

junction of sagittal and coronal suture

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15
Q

what is the lambda

A

junction of lambdoid and sagittal suture

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16
Q

what is the inion

A

most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

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17
Q

what is the asterion

A

star shaped junction of suture between occipital, parietal and temporal bones

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18
Q

what is the nasion

A

where frontonasal and internasal sutures meet

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19
Q

what is the glabella

A

smooth part of frontal bone superior to nose (most projected part of the forehead)

20
Q

what is the pterion

A

H-shaped junction of sutures

21
Q

what bones meet at the pterion

A

frontal, parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid bone

22
Q

why is the pterion clinically relevant?

A

it is structurally weak and vulnerable to injury

23
Q

what are the small islands of bone within the lambdoid suture called?

A

sutural/accessory or wormian bones

24
Q

what are sutures

A

type of fibrous joint

25
Q

what are fontanelles

A

fibrous membranes

26
Q

what is the periform aperture?

A

the interior nasal opening into the cranium

27
Q

what are the paired sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary

28
Q

what does the spinal cord enter the skull through?

A

foramen magnum

29
Q

what foramen does the middle meningeal artery go through

A

the foramen spinosum

30
Q

where is the foramen spinosum?

A

in the sphenoid bone

31
Q

how many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

32
Q

what do the cervical vertebrae allow

A

flexion and rotation

33
Q

what are ligament nuchae?

A

ligaments which attach external occipital protuberance and foramen magnum to spinous process of the vertebrae

34
Q

what do the ligament nuchae do?

A

support the head, resists flexion and is an attachment point for muscles

35
Q

what are the parts of the typical vertebrae?

A

body, transverse process, spinous process, anterior and posterior tubercles, foramen transversarium

36
Q

what are the parts of the atlas?

A

anterior arch, posterior arch,lateral mass, articular facet for dens, superior articular facet for occipital condyle

37
Q

what is the part of the axis?

A

superior articular facet for the atlas, dens, transverse foramen, lateral mass

38
Q

what does the atlas not have?

A

a body

39
Q

what does the atlas provide

A

an articular surface for occipital condyle of skull

40
Q

what are the joints involved in the vertebrae?

A

lateral atlanto-axial joint and pivot joint of dense, and atlanto-occipital joint

41
Q

what does the lateral atlanto-axial joint allow?

A

rotation of head

42
Q

what does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?

A

flexion and extension (nodding)

43
Q

what do alar ligaments do?

A

prevent excessive rotation of the head and neck and connects the dens to occipital condyles

44
Q

what is the hyoid bone?

A

U-shaped bone found at C3 level in anterior neck

45
Q

what are the parts of the hyoid bone?

A

2 greater horns, body, 2 lesser horns

46
Q

what do the 2 lesser horns of the hyoid bone attach to?

A

stylohyoid ligament

REPOSITORY - Head and Neck Anatomy (25 decks)

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