Anterior Triangle: Muscular Triangle and Endocrine Glands

Question 1

what are the borders of the anterior triangle

Answer 1

inferior border of mandible, anterior border of SCM and midline of neck

Question 2

what is the roof of the anterior triangle

Answer 2

deep investing fascia around muscles

Question 3

what is the floor of the anterior triangle

Answer 3

pretracheal fascia and carotid sheath

Question 4

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 4

submandibular, submental, carotid and muscular

Question 5

what does the submandibular division contain

Answer 5

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, mylohyoid nerve and parts of facial artery and vein

Question 6

what does the submental division contain

Answer 6

submental lymph nodes and some small veins

Question 7

what does the carotid triangle contain

Answer 7

thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, carotid sheath, branches of cervical plexus, superior root of ansa cervicalis, CNXI and XII and deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 8

what does the muscular division contain

Answer 8

sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 9

what do the suprahyoid muscles connect to

Answer 9

skull or mandible

Question 10

what are the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 10

mylohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid

Question 11

what do the infrahyoid muscles connect to

Answer 11

inferior structures (sternum, scapula, thyroid cartilage)

Question 12

what are the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 12

sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 13

what do the suprahyoid muscles do

Answer 13

elevate the hyoid and larynx and constitute substance of floor of mouth

Question 14

what is the origin of the mylohyoid

Answer 14

mylohyoid line on mandible

Question 15

what is the insertion of mylohyoid

Answer 15

body of hyoid and fibres of opposite mylohyoid

Question 16

what are the 2 parts of the digastric

Answer 16

anterior and posterior bellies

Question 17

what is the origin of the anterior digastric

Answer 17

digastric fossa on lower medial aspect of mandible

Question 18

what is the insertion of the anterior digastric

Answer 18

attachment of intermediate tendon at hyoid

Question 19

what is the action of anterior digastric

Answer 19

raises hyoid and lowers mandible

Question 20

what is the origin of posterior digastric

Answer 20

mastoid notch on medial side of mastoid process

Question 21

what is the insertion of posterior digastric

Answer 21

attachment of intermediate tendon at hyoid

Question 22

what does the posterior digastric do

Answer 22

elevates and retracts hyoid bone

Question 23

what is the mylohyoid innervated by

Answer 23

CNV3 inferior alveolar branch (branch to mylohyoid)

Question 24

what is the digastric innervated by?

Answer 24

anterior (nerve to mylohyoid), posterior (digastric branch of CNVIII - facial nerve)

Question 25

what are the additional suprahyoid muscles

Answer 25

stylohyoid, geniohyoid

Question 26

what is the origin of the stylohyoid

Answer 26

styloid process

Question 27

what is the insertion of the stylohyoid

Answer 27

body of the hyoid

Question 28

what is the action of the stylohyoid

Answer 28

pulls hyoid bone upward

Question 29

what is the innervation of the stylohyoid

Answer 29

CNVIII

Question 30

what is the origin of the geniohyoid

Answer 30

mandible

Question 31

what is the insertion of the geniohyoid

Answer 31

body of hyoid

Question 32

what is the action of the geniohyoid

Answer 32

elevates and pulls hyoid and pulls mandible down and inward

Question 33

what is the innervation of the geniohyoid

Answer 33

anterior ramus of C1

Question 34

what are the actions of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 34

depress or fix hyoid bone and provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles

Question 35

what is the origin of the sternohyoid

Answer 35

posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint and manubrium

Question 36

what is the insertion of the sternohyoid

Answer 36

body of hyoid medially

Question 37

what are the parts of the omohyoid

Answer 37

inferior and superior bellies

Question 38

what is the origin of the superior omohyoid

Answer 38

intermediate tendon

Question 39

what is the insertion of the superior omohyoid

Answer 39

body of hyoid

Question 40

what is the origin of the inferior omohyoid

Answer 40

superior border of scapula

Question 41

what is the insertion of the inferior omohyoid

Answer 41

intermediate tendon posterior triangle

Question 42

what is the origin of the thyrohoiyd

Answer 42

oblique line on thyroid cartilage

Question 43

what is the insertion of the thyrohyoid

Answer 43

greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid

Question 44

what is the origin of the sternothyroid

Answer 44

posterior surface of manubrium

Question 45

what is the insertion of the sternothyroid

Answer 45

oblique line on thyroid cartilage

Question 46

what are the sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid innervated by?

Answer 46

anterior rami of C1 to C3 (ansa cervicalis)

Question 47

what is the thyrohyoid innervated by?

Answer 47

anterior rami of C1

Question 48

what is the thyroid gland composed of?

Answer 48

2 lateral lobes, middle isthmus and midline pyramidal lobe

Question 49

what is the arterial supply to the thyroid gland

Answer 49

superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery

Question 50

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland

Answer 50

superior thyroid vein, middle thyroid vein, inferior thyroid vein

Question 51

where are the parathyroid glands

Answer 51

posterior surface of thyroid

Question 52

what is the blood supply to the parathyroid glands

Answer 52

inferior thyroid arteries

Question 53

what are the parathyroid and thyroid glands innervated by

Answer 53

thyroid branches from the cervical ganglia (these constrict blood vessels)

Question 54

what do you need to consider with neck surgery

Answer 54

damage to laryngeal neve