Pharynx Flashcards
where does the pharynx run from
cranial base to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
what does the pharynx lie posterior to
nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx
what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
where does the nasopharynx run from
posterior border of nasal septum to soft palate
where does the oropharynx run from
soft palate to superior border of epiglottis
where does the laryngopharynx run from
superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
where is the fauces
between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
what is the nasopharynx lined with
respiratory epithelium (ciliated epithelium lined with goblet cells)
what tube opens into the nasopharynx
auditory tube
what is the pharyngeal recess
a slit like projection behind the auditory tube
what are the boundaries of the oropharynx
soft palate, base of tongue, superior border of epiglottis
what epithelium lines the oropharynx
stratified squamous
where do the palatine tonsils sit
in the tonsillar fossa
what is the vallecula
a recess behind the epiglottis where hard objects can get stuck
what are the boundaries of the laryngoharynx
superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
what are the posterior and lateral walls of the laryngopharynx made of
inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles
what is the internal wall of the laryngopharynx made of
palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus
how does the laryngopharynx communicate with the larynx
through the laryngeal inlet
what is the piriform recess/fossa
small depression of laryngopharyngeal cavity on either side of laryngeal inlet
if something gets lodged in the piriform fossa, what nerves are vulnerable
internal and recurrent laryngeal
how does food get stuck in the piriform fossa
when food passes the epiglottis it gets pushed to the side and it causes it to pass along the piriform recess/fossa
what type of tissue forms waldeyers ring
lymphoid tissue
what tonsils forms waldeyers tonsillar ring
pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, lingual
where are the pharyngeal tonsils
in the nasopharynx
where are the tubal tonsils
around the tympanic tube opening in nasopharynx
where are the palatine tonsils
in the fauces/oropharynx
where are the lingual tonsils
in posterior third of tongue
what are the function of the tonsils
protection of airways and immune function
what holds the nasopharynx open
stiff pharyngobasilar fascia
what are the 3 pharyngeal constrictors
superior, middle and inferior
what do pharyngeal elevators do
lift the pharynx and larynx to receive the food bolus from the oral cavity
what do pharyngeal constrictors do
force the food bolus towards the oesophagus
what are the pharyngeal constrictors supplied by
the vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
which pharyngeal constrictor has the cricopharyngeus muscle
inferior constrictor
what does the cricopharyngeus do
forms a sphincter around the upper oesophagus preventing air being drawn into the stomach during inhalation
where do the pharyngeal elevators run
from the skull to fan out into the inner surface of the pharynx
what are the pharyngeal elevators
palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
what does the palatopharyngeus do and what is it supplied by
elevates pharynx and larynx, draws soft palate downwards
vagus nerve
where does the stylopharyngeus attach to
styloid process
what does the stylopharyngeus do and what is it supplied by
elevate pharynx and larynx
glossopharyngeal nerve
what is the salpingopharyngeus connected to
auditory tube and pharynx
what does the salpingopharyngeus do
elevates pharynx and larynx, opens the auditory tube during swallowing for pressure equalisation in the middle ear
what is the salpingopharyngeus supplied by
vagus nerve
what is the oral phase of swallowing
bolus formed and pushed into the oropharynx by the tongue
what is the pharyngeal phase of swallowing
superior pharyngeal constrictor contraction and soft palate elevation
pharyngeal elevation to receive food bolus (by pharyngeal elevators)
bolus pushed towards oesophagus (by pharyngeal constrictors)
epiglottis closes laryngeal inlet
what is the oesophageal phase of swallowing
as the inferior pharyngeal constrictor contracts, the upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes allowing the food bolus into oesophagus
peristaltic movements move the food bolus towards the stomach
where does the oropharynx run from
soft palate to superior border of epiglottis
