SUPER MEGA STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
Losartan (I)
Angiotensin II - receptor blocker that is for the treatment of…
- HTN alone or in combination therapy.
- Diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria in PT with type 2 diabetes and HTN.
Losartan (A)
Selectively blocks the binding of AT-II to specific tissue receptors found in the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands.
Blocks the vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone associated with the renin-angiotensin-system.
CI: Women use condoms pls.
Diltiazem (I - A)
Antihypertensive agent.
Calcium Channel Blocker
I: HTN in the extended release form.
A: Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, depressing the impulse and leading to slowed conduction, decreasing myocardial contractility, and dilation of arterioles, lowing BP and lowering myocardial oxygen consumption.
Metoprolol (I)
Beta Blocker
Treatment of…
- Stable angina pectoris
- Prevention of reinfarction in MI pt’s
- stable, symptomatic HF
- HTN
Metoprolol (A)
Competitively blocks beta receptors in the heart and kidneys, decreasing the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on these tissues and the excitability of the heart; decreases cardiac output which results in a lowered blood pressure and decreased cardiac workload.
Diltiazem (I)
Antianginal
Indications: Treatment of…
- Prinzmetal angina
- Effort-associated angina
- Chronic stable angina
- Essential HTN
- Paroxysmal SVT
Diltiazem (A)
Antianginal
Inhibits the movement of Ca across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction, which depresses myocardial contractility.
Dilates arteries, causing fall in BP and decrease in venous return; workload of heart; oxygen consumption; relieves vasospasm of coronary artery, increasing blood flow to the muscle cells (prinzmetal angina)
Heparin (I)
Anticoagulant
Prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli; treatment of atrial fibrillation with embolization; diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation; prevention of clotting in blood samples and heparin lock sets.
Heparin (A)
Inhibits thrombus and clot production by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
antagonist: protamine
check PTT
Warfarin (Coumadin)
~Stronger Heparin~
Treatment of patients with AF, artificial heart valves, or valvular damage that makes PT susceptible to thrombus and embolus formation;
prevention and treatment of VTE, pulmonary embolus, and systemic emboli after MI
antagonist: vit. K
check: PT/INR
Aspirin (I - A)
Antiplatelet Agent
Reduction of risk of recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes in men with history of TIA due to fibrin or platelet emboli ; reduction of death or nonfatal MI in patients with a history of infarction or unstable angina; MI prophylaxis; also used for its inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
A: Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet synthesis of thromboxane A2
Digoxin (I)
Cardioglycoside for the treatment of…
- HF
- Atrial Fibrillation
Digoxin (A)
Increases intracellular Ca+ and allows more Ca to enter the myocardial cell during depolarization causing a positive inotropic effect.
Increased Renal perfusion with a diuretic effect and decreased renin release, a negative chronotropic effect (slower HR), slowed conduction through the AV node.
Metformin (I)
Antidiabetic Agent
Adj. to diet and exercise for the treatment of type 2 diabetics older than 10 years of age;
XR form for PT older than 17;
polycystic ovary syndrome
Metformin (A)
May increase the peripheral use of glucose,
increase production of insulin, decrease hepatic glucose production, and alter intestinal absorption of glucose
