Chapter 23 - Antiseizure Agents

Question 1

Phenytoin (I)

Answer 1

Hydantoins

Control of tonic-clonic and psycho motor seizures, prevention of seizures during neurosurgery, Control of status epilepticus.

Question 2

Phenytoin (A)

Answer 2

Stabilizes neuronal membranes and prevents hyperexcitability caused by excessive stimulation; limits the spread of seizure activity from an active focus; has cardiac antiarrhythmic effects similar to those of lidocaine.

Question 3

Phenytoin (AE)

Answer 3

nystagmus
ataxia
dysarthia 
stevens johnson syndrome 
gingival hyperplasia
sometimes fatal

Question 4

Phenytoin (CI-DD)

Answer 4

CI: Discontinuing may lead to status epilepticus
women wear condoms pls
elderly
hepatic impairment *

DD: alcohol

Question 5

Phenobarbital (I)

Answer 5

Barbiturates

Long term treatment of tonic-clonic and cortical focused seizures, emergency control of certain acute convulsive episodes and anticonvulsant treatment of generalized tonic clonic seizures and focal seizures (parenteral).

Question 6

Phenobarbital (A)

Answer 6

General CNS depressant inhibits impulse conduction in the ascending RAS depresses the cerebral cortex alters cerebellar function depresses motor output and can produce excitation, sedation, hypnosis, Anesthesia, and deep coma.

Question 7

Phenobarbital (AE)

Answer 7

somnolence 
nightmares
hallucinations 
respiratory depression 
tissue necrosis at site
withdrawal syndrome

Question 8

Phenobarbital
Diazepam
(CI-DD)

Answer 8

CI: same as hydantoins

DD: Alcohol

Question 9

Diazepam (I)

Answer 9

Benzodiazepine

management of anxiety disorders acute alcohol withdrawal; Muscle relaxing, Treatment of tetanus, Adj. in status epilepticus and severe recurrent convulsive seizures, Preoperative relief of anxiety and tension, management of epilepsy and patients require intermittent use to control increased seizure activity

Question 10

Diazepam (A)

Answer 10

Acts in the limbic system and reticular formation, potentiates the effects of GABA, has little effect on cortical function.

Question 11

Diazepam (AE)

Answer 11

Apathy
Paradoxical excitatory reactions
drug dependence
withdrawal syndrome

Question 12

Ethosuximide (I-A)

Answer 12

Succinimide

I: Control of absence seizures
A: may act in inhibitory neuronal systems suppresses the electroencephalographic pattern associated with absence seizures, reduces frequency of attacks.

Question 13

Ethosuximide (AE)

Answer 13

Stevens Johnson syndrome
pancytopenia
irritability

Question 14

Ethosuximide (CI-DD)

Answer 14

CI: Intermittent porphyria
DD: none

Question 15

Carbamazepine (I)

Answer 15

Partial Seizure Drugs

Treatment of seizure disorders including partial seizures with complex patterns; tonic clonic seizures; Mixed seizures; trigeminal neuralgia.

Question 16

Carbamazepine (A)

Answer 16

Inhibits polysynaptic responses and blocks posttetanic potentiations; mechanism of action is not understood; related to tricyclic antidepressants.

Question 17

Carbamazepine (AE)

Answer 17

CV complications
Hematological disorders
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 18

Carbamazepine (CI-DD)

Answer 18

CI: Pregnancy, women pls use condoms.
DD: CNS depressants/alchohol
Hormonal contraceptives