Chapter 20 - Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents

Question 1

Diazepam (I)

Answer 1

Benzodiazepine

 Management of...
Acute Anxiety Disorders
Acute Alcohol Withdrawal
Muscle Relaxation
Tetanus 
Antiepileptic in status epilepticus 
Preoperative relief of anxiety and tension

Question 2

Diazepam (A)

Answer 2

Acts in the limbic system and reticular formation to potentiate the effects of GABA, may act in spinal cord and supraspinal sites to produce muscle relaxation.

Question 3

Diazepam (AE)

Answer 3

Mild drowsiness 
Depression 
lethargy 
changes in libido 
drug dependence 
incontinence

Question 4

Diazepam (CI - DD)

Answer 4

CI: Narrow angle glaucoma 
Shock
Coma 
Acute alcoholic intoxication 
Neonatal Withdrawal syndrome may result 

DD: Alcohol
Effects increase with oral contraceptives

Question 5

Phenobarbital (I)

Answer 5

Barbiturate

Sedation
Short term treatment of insomnia
long term treatment of tonic clonic seizures
Cortical focal seziures
Emergency control of acute convulsive episodes
preanesthetic

Question 6

Phenobarbital (A)

Answer 6

Inhibits conduction in the ascending RAS
Depresses the cerebral cortex
Alters cerebellar function
Depresses motor output
Can produce excitation, sedation, hypnosis, anesthesia, and deep coma; and has anticonvulsant activity

Question 7

Phenobarbital (AE)

Answer 7

Somnolence
Hyperkinesias
ataxia 
Stevens Johnsonsyndrome 
Withdrawal syndrome

Question 8

Phenobarbital (CI-DD)

Answer 8

CI: Hx of addiction
Manifest porphyria
Resp distress

DD: Alcohol, antihistamines
MAO inhibitors ^effects 
Oral anticoags
digoxin
Oral contraceptives
BBlockers