Chapter 38 - Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels

Question 1

Insulin (I&A)

Answer 1

Treatment of…

1. Type 1 &2 Diabetes
2. Short term treatment of type 2 diabetes during periods of stress
3. Diabetic ketoacidosis
4. Hyperkalemia
5. Marked insulin resistance.

A: Replacement of endogenous insulin.

Question 2

Insulin (I&A)

Answer 2

Treatment of…

1. Type 1 &2 Diabetes
2. Short term treatment of type 2 diabetes during periods of stress
3. Diabetic ketoacidosis
4. Hyperkalemia
5. Marked insulin resistance.

A: Replacement of endogenous insulin.

Question 3

Insulin (AE CI DD)

Answer 3

AE: Hypoglycemia
Ketoacidosis

CI: none

DD: any drug that decreases glucose levels (beta blockers, alcohol)

Question 4

Regular Insulin Onset Time

Answer 4

30-60 min

Question 5

Lispro (Humalog) OT

Answer 5

-15min

Question 6

Aspart (Novolog) OT

Answer 6

10-20min

Question 7

Glulisine (Apidra) OT

Answer 7

2-5 min

Question 8

Aspart (Novolog) OT

Answer 8

10-20min

Question 9

Glargine (Lantus) OT

Answer 9

60-70 min

Question 10

Glulisine (Apidra) OT

Answer 10

2-5 min

Question 11

Chlorpropamide (I&A)

Answer 11

First gen sulfonylurea
I: Adjunct to diet and exercise to lower blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes
A: Stimulates the release of insulin from functioning cells in the pancreas; may improve the binding of insulin to insulin receptor sites or increase the number of insulin receptor sites

Question 12

Chlorpropamide (AE)

Answer 12

Hypoglycemia, GI upset, Anorexia

Question 13

Chlorpropamide
Glyburide
(CI&DD)

Answer 13

CI: Diabetes complicated by fever, severe infection, severe trauma, surgery
PT with type 1 diabetes

DD: Any drug that acidifies the urine because excretion decreased
Beta blockers
Herbal therapies
alcohol

Question 14

Glyburide (I&A)

Answer 14

I: Adjunct to diet and exercise in mgmt of type 2 diabetes, with metformin or insulin for stabilization of diabetic patients

A: Stimulates insulin release from functioning beta cells in the pancreas; may improve insulin binding to insulin receptor sites or increase # of sites

Question 15

Metformin (I)

Answer 15

Adj. to diet and exercise for the treatment of type 2 diabetics older than 10 years of age;
XR form for PT older than 17;
polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 16

Metformin (A)

Answer 16

May increase the peripheral use of glucose,

increase production of insulin, decrease hepatic glucose production, and alter intestinal absorption of glucose

Question 17

Metformin (AE)

Answer 17

Hypoglycemia
Lactic acidosis
Heartburn

CI & DD same as sulfonylureas

Question 18

Glucagon (I&A)

Answer 18

glucose elevating agent
I: Counteracts severe hypoglycemic reactions in patients treated with insulin.
A: Accelerates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver, causing an increase in blood glucose levels.

Question 19

Glucagon (AE & DD)

Answer 19

Hypokalemia with OD
HTN & HOTN

DD: Oral anticoags