Chapter 51- Diuretic Agents Flashcards
What are the indications for hydrochlorothiazide?
Adjunctive therapy for edema associated with HF.
Cirrhosis
Renal dysfunction
Estrogen therapy
Hypertension as a monotherapy or in combination
What are the actions to hydrochlorothiazide?
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal renal tubule’s increasing the excretion of sodium chloride and water by the kidneys.
What are some adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
Dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, nocturia, muscle cramps, hypokalemia.
(P. 862 for more)
What kind of drug is Furosemide and what are its indications?
A loop diuretic.
Treatment of edema associated with heart failure acute pulmonary edema and hypertension.
What are the actions of furosemide?
Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the distal renal tubule’s in the loop of Henle leading to sodium rich pee.
What are some adverse effects of furosemide?
Alkalosis hypocalcemia dizziness vertigo orthostatic hypotension vomiting
glycosuria
urinary bladder spasm
(More on p. 865)
What kind of drug is acetazolamide and what are its indications?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Adjunctive of treatment of open angle glaucoma; secondary glaucoma; pre-operative use in angle closure glaucoma; edema caused by heart failure and drug induced edema.
What are the actions of acetazolamide?
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase which decreases aqueous humor formation in the eye, intraocular pressure, and hydrogen secretion by the renal tubules.
What are some adverse effects of acetazolamide?
Weakness fatigue rash anorexia nausea
bone marrow suppression weight loss
What kind of drug is Spironolactone and what are its indications?
Potassium sparing diuretics.
Primary hyperalderstonism, adjunctive therapy in the treatment of edema associated with heart failure, nephrotic syndrome or, hepatic cirrhosis.
Treatment of hypokalemia or prevention of hypokalemia.
What are the actions of Spironolactone?
Competitively blocks the effects of aldosterone in the renal tubule causing loss of sodium and water and retention of potassium.
What are some adverse effects of Spironolactone?
Dizziness headache rash deepening of the voice irregular menses hyperkalemia
What kind of drug is mannitol and what are its indications?
Reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema
reduction of elevated IOP
Prevention and treatment of the oliguric phase of renal failure
Irrigant in prostatic resection
What are the actions of mannitol?
Elevates the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, leading to a loss of water, sodium, and chloride.
Creates an osmotic gradient in the eye reducing IOP; creates an osmotic effect that decreases swelling after transurethral surgery
What are some adverse effects of mannitol?
Dizziness headache anorexia thirst fluid and electrolyte imbalance
