Chapter 27 - General and Local Anesthetic Agents

Question 1

Thiopental (I - A)

Answer 1

Barbiturate Anesthetics

I- Induction of anesthesia, maintenance of anesthesia; induction of a hypnotic state

A- Depress the central nervous system to produce hypnosis and anesthesia without analgesia

Question 2

Thiopental (CI-DD-AE)

Answer 2

AE- Emergence Delirium, Restlessness, CV depression, Respiratory depression, Apnea, Salivation, Hiccups, Skin Rashes
CI- prego and lact
DDI- narcotics can cause apnea

Question 3

Midozalam (I)

Answer 3

Non-Barbiturate Anesthetics

Sedation, anxiolysis, and amnesia before diagnostic, therapeutic, or endoscopic procedures; induction of anesthesia; continuous sedation of intubated patients

Question 4

Midozalam (A)

Answer 4

Acts mainly at the limbic system and reticular activating system; potentiates the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid; has little effect on cortical function; exact mechanism of action is not understood

Question 5

Midozalam (AE-CI-DD)

Answer 5

AE- Transient Drowsiness, Sedation Drowsiness, Lethargy, Apathy, Fatigue, Disorientation, Incontinence and Urinary Retention Phlebitis at IV injection site
CI- vomiting, respiratory depression or arrest, renal and hepatic dysfunction.
DDI- Ketamine and halothane

Question 6

Halothane (I - A)

Answer 6

Volatile Liquids

I: Induction of and maintenance of general anesthesia

A: Depresses the CNS, causing anesthesia; relaxes muscles; sensitizes the myocardium to the effects of NE and epinephrine

Question 7

Halothane (AE-CI-DD)

Answer 7

AE- Transient Drowsiness, disorientation, incontinence, hepatic injury

CI- hepatic impairment, bradycardia or hypotension, respiratory problems, pediatric patients, known cardiac or respiratory disease or renal disease

DDI- CNS depressants

Question 8

Lidocaine (I)

Answer 8

Local Anesthetic

I- Infiltration anesthesia, peripheral and sympathetic nerve blocks, central nerve blocks, spinal and caudal anesthesia, topical anesthetic for skin or mucous membrane disorders

Question 9

Lidocaine (A)

Answer 9

Blocks the generation and conduction of action potentials in sensory nerves by reducing sodium permeability, reducing the heigh and rate of rise of the action potential, increasing the excitation threshold, and slowing the conduction velocity