Suicide

Question 1

WHO prevalence of suicide in 2021

Answer 1

12th leading cause of death

Question 2

wealthy to poor countries M:F suicide ratio

Answer 2

Wealthy M:F 3:1

Low/middle M:F 1:2

Question 3

gender differences with suicide

Answer 3

women attempt more often

men succeed more often

Question 4

What did shneidman believe in terms of suicide

Answer 4

suicide was traceable to intense psychological hurt, pain and anguish which he termed psychache

Question 5

What were the 4 types of suicide shneidman came up with

Answer 5

1. Death seekers- actively seeking out death/ multi attempt
2. Death initiators- believe the process of dying is already underway
3. Death ignorers- death is the start of something new
4. Death darers- unsure about wanting to die, behaviour doesn’t ensure death

Question 6

What is shneidmans idea of sub intentional death

Answer 6

caused by an unconscious wish to die that leads to reckless or negligent actions

Question 7

What are the 4 types of sub intentional deaths

Answer 7

1. Death chancers- ppl who take unnecessary risk to see what willl happen
2. Death hasteners- People who engage in unhealthy lifestyles
3. Death capitulators- people who give in to death
4. Death experimenters- people who experiment with living in a continuously altered and foggy state

Question 8

What is DSM suicidal behaviour disorder

Answer 8

dx in anyone who has attempted suicide

in remission if was 1-2 years ago

Question 9

What are the arguments for and against suicidal behaviour disorder

Answer 9

for- adding will make clinicians more likely to assess for it, bringing it more to attention

against- its not really a discrete disorder as it occurs a lot w depressionn and anxiety, causes medicalization of suicide

Question 10

What is the DSM diagnosis of non suicidal self injury disorder

Answer 10

A dx given to a person who deliberately injures oneself without suicidal intent

Question 11

What is the most common non suicidal self injury (NSSI)

Answer 11

self cutting

-occurs mc in adolescence (especially girls)

Question 12

What is NSSI disorder comorbid w

Answer 12

w suicidal behaviour (past attempts)

Question 13

What brain regions are indicated w suicide

Answer 13

Genes involved w serotonin transmission
Prefrontal cortex issues
Overactive HPA axis (unable to suppress the stress response)

Question 14

psychological persepectives to suicide

Answer 14

suicide as a response to anger towards others that is internalized and then redirected to oneself.
-Due to early losses in life

Question 15

What is the CBT therapy idea of suicide

Answer 15

suicide is most likely when a predisposing disposition or vulnerability (ex irrational thinking) is brought to a breaking point by seemingly unmanagebke life stressiors

Question 16

What is the main idea of CBT for suicide

Answer 16

emphasize changing pals cognitive distortions

Question 17

WHat are 3 examples of structured stats to prevent sui attempts in CBT

Answer 17

1. Chain analysis- identify events that bring person to suicide
2. Safety plan- generate concrete coping mechanisms
3. Self building- cognitive restructuring in which a patients irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions are challenlenegd

Question 18

What is a CBT strat for reducing self harm in those w personality disorders

Answer 18

Dialectal behaviour therapy

Question 19

What is the huministic view to suicide

Answer 19

zSuicide as a personal and meaningful run to humiliation anger hurt etc
-in response to ongoing psychological upset

Question 20

What are the 2 sociocultural aspects of suicide that emile durkeim argued

Answer 20

social integration+ a persons sense of being socially included and accepted

Social regulation= communal rules used to monitor, influence and control people behaviour

Question 21

what are the 4 types of suicide that durkeim argued

Answer 21

Egoistic- occurs when people believe they don’t belong

Alturistic- Social integration is so high that they willingly sacrificee themselves for greater good

Anomic- When people have low social regulation- society doesn’t provide support

Fatalistic- occurs when people experience high social regulation, rules and expectations

Question 22

What is the Werther Effect

Answer 22

when the suicidal rate increases when their is more publicity on suicide

Question 23

What is a no suicide contract

Answer 23

As clients to explicitly state that they will not hurt themselves for a specified amount of time