Somatic Symtom Disorders

Question 1

What is the post traumatic model to somatic symptom disorder

Answer 1

Holds that somatic and dissociative issues are usually tied to stressful or traumatizing events

Question 2

what are the 5 elements of dissociation

Answer 2

Depersonalization
derealization
Amnesia
Identity confusion (can’t recall identity)
Identity alteration ( establish new identity in lieu of old)

Question 3

What is psychosomatic complaints

Answer 3

Prolonged stress exacerbates or contributes to real medical condition

Question 4

What is somatization

Answer 4

experiencing psychological problems in physical expressions

Question 5

What is dissociative fugue

Answer 5

Person experiencing dissociate amnesia, leaves home, travels to new loc

Question 6

What is Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 6

2 or more distinct personalities with one being present at any given time

Question 7

What is somatic symptom disorder

Answer 7

one or more somatic symptoms that the person thinks and worries about excessively but doesn’t require symtpms

called bodily distress disorder in icd11

Question 8

Hypochondriasis/illness anxiety disorder

Answer 8

excessive worry about being physically ill

Question 9

What is factitious disorder

Answer 9

for people who physically tamper with self or exaggerate/stimulate symptoms to produce signs of illness or convince others they are sick to obtain medical attention
(different from malingering)

Question 10

Critics of disociative identity disorder

Answer 10

critics see it as a iatrogenic condition (Condition induced when mental health professionals subtly encourage pts they have it)

Question 11

critics and support of somatic symptoms disorder in DSM 5

Answer 11

Critics- too broad, downplays physical symptoms

Support- good interrater, not as stigmatizing

Question 12

What is hysteria and the wandering womb theory

Answer 12

early idea of somatization

womb breaks off and wind and wonders body

Question 13

What is briquets syndrome

Answer 13

early somatization

-attribuited hysteria to brain dysfunction

Question 14

what did charcot believe about hysteria

Answer 14

had biological origin but also trauma involved too n

la belle indeference- hyterical pts usually unconcerned w their symptoms

Question 15

What are two major drugs used to tx dissociation

Answer 15

Glutamate and opiod antagonists (naltrexone)

Question 16

what NT is sometimes lower in somatic disorders

Answer 16

somatic symptoms correlated w low serotonin levels–> antidepressants that’s increase serotonin will reduce somatic symptoms

Question 17

What brain structures are changed in dissociation

Answer 17

• enhanced hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex activity
• Reduced parental lobe activity
• decreased hippocampus; and amyglada value
• HPA dysfunction

Question 18

What is DID associated with in terms of brain (2)

Answer 18

• Decreased hippocampus and amygdala volume

- Decreased blood flow to orbitofrontal and sup frontal regions

Question 19

What is somatic symptoms associated w brain bf

Answer 19

decreased blood flow to prefrontal cortical area-> greater difficulty handling intense pain

Question 20

What brain area is conversion and malingering tied to

Answer 20

conversion- left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Malinegring- right ant prefrontal cortex

Question 21

What does transcranial magnetic stem have promise in tx

Answer 21

psychogenic movement disorders

Question 22

gene indicated in dissociation

Answer 22

5HTT (serotonin)

Question 23

What is the evolutionary explanation for dissociation

Answer 23

may be designed to prevent people from being overwhelmed by emotions during traumatic events

Question 24

What is the diathesis-stress model of psychosomatic illness

Answer 24

psychosomatic illness emerge from combo of
diathesis- predisposing organic/psychologcial weakness

Stress

Question 25

What is primary and secondary gain in terms of persitent symptom disorders

Answer 25

primary- the reason for a symptom, the central conflict it is intended to adress

secondary- Other advantages a symptom provides beyond primary gain

Question 26

What is the link between dissociation and splitting

Answer 26

coping w trauma by repressing it or disconnecting from their memories of it
(consistant w post traumatic model)

Question 27

How does psycodynamic therapy help with splitting/disocciation

Answer 27

helps pts gain insight into unconscious conflicts and integrate dissociated parts of personality

–Until trauma is properly articulated, it is difficult for the pt to integrate into their lives.

Question 28

eitology theories of DID

Answer 28

1- severely abused children

2- being very good at self hypnosis (being able to mentally go elsewhere)

Question 29

how is dissociation learned thru classical and opperent conditioning

Answer 29

classical- Internal and external stem to evoke both physical and mental avoidance responses

Operant- Forgetting traumatic moms reinforced by providing emotional relief

Question 30

What is state dependent learning

Answer 30

dissociated memories are only able to be recalled in certain emotional states

Question 31

4 aspects of CBT for dissociation

Answer 31

• managing trigger events
• planned avoidence
• manage dissociate reaction by distracting oneself
• use cognitive restructerning

Question 32

behavioural techniques for somatic symptoms (3)

Answer 32

relaxation training

exposure plus response prevention for hypochondria

biofeedback

Question 33

cognitive techniques for somatic symptoms (2)

Answer 33

stress inoculation training- reduce negative thoughts that make pain hard to handle

Midfulness based stress reduction- facilitates awareness of thoughts without trying to influence or stop them