ADHD

Question 1

What is externalizing vs internalizing behaviours

Answer 1

externalizing- poor impulse control, rule breaking, physical/verbal aggression

Internalizing behaviours- Social withdrawal, loneliness etc

Question 2

What is oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 2

dx in children and adolescents who are angry, argumentative, defiant and vindictive

mc in boys

Question 3

What is conduct disorder

Answer 3

more severe form of oppositional defiant disorder

-also includes serious violations of others rights

Question 4

What is intermittent explosive disorder

Answer 4

characterized by recurrent aggressive outburst
-people w this dx seem to be unable to control self when they get upset, exhibiting explosive anger

mc in people less than 35/40

Question 5

what is pyromania and kleptomania

Answer 5

pyromania- purposeful fire setting

kleptomania- impulsive stealing (3x mc in women)

–both done for gratification/thrill for activity

Question 6

What is ADHD and 3 types

Answer 6

-difficulty sustaining attention, excessive energy, impulsive behaviour

1. maily inattentive
2. mainly hyperactive-impulsive
3. both

Question 7

dx characteristics for ADHD

Answer 7

symptoms must be present before 12
must occur in at least 2 settings (ex school/home)

5% of children, 2.5% of adults

Question 8

What are the 2 primary dx considered pervasive developmental disorders

Answer 8

Auistic disorder- severe form of autism, severe difficulty learning language etc

Asbergers- milder than autistic disorder, language acquisition not problem, more probs with social/cognitive functioning

Question 9

what is autistim

Answer 9

general term for people who struggle with social interactions, have dificulty with verbal and non verbal communication and engage in repetitive + ritualistic behaviours

Question 10

What is autism spectrum disorder and levels

Answer 10

ex of DSM V more diminutional approach to dx

pts dx at one of 3 levels of severity
1- requiring least assistence
2- requiring mod assistence
3- requiring extensive assistance

Question 11

What is social pragmatic communication disorder

Answer 11

new DSMV

-Given to those who develop difficulty communication w others early in life (struggle w basic verbal interactions, don’t show repetitive behaviours like autism)

Question 12

What is reactive attachment disorder

Answer 12

dx in children who don’t develop ability to form attachments due to being inadequately cared for (experienced severe emotional neglect)

-emotionally withdrawn and inhibited around adults/caregivers

Question 13

criques of ADHD

Answer 13

DSM upped age to 12 for symtoms

• increase false pos.
• see it as way to medacalize children behaviour

Question 14

2 brain chemistry theories of ADHD

Answer 14

Dopamine hypothesis- holds ADHA caused by deficits in dopamine trans (stims used to boost dopamine)

Catecholamine hypothesis- holds deficits in both dopamine and norepinephrine linked to ADHD

Question 15

Drugs used to tx ADHD

Answer 15

stims (mc, improve symptoms in short term)

Tricyclic antidepressents ( Largest evidence base)

Question 16

Brain chemistry perspective for autism

Answer 16

GABA activity theorized to be reduced in autism due to breakdown in GABA transmission pathway
-diminished GABA leads to increased neural excitability and excessive glutamate

Question 17

brain structure changes in disruptive behaviour

Answer 17

-smaller brain volume

• Underactive areas:
• -Prefrontal cortex
• -Dorrsal anterior midcingulate
• -parietal cortex
• -Stiatum

Question 18

Brain areas indicated in autism (5)

Answer 18

Cerebellum
amygdala
caudate nucleus
prefrontal cortex 
nucleus accumbens

Question 19

psychodynamic perspective on disruptive behaviour

Answer 19

disruptive behaviour reflects unconscious conflicts or attachment difficulties (disturbed early parent-child relations)

Question 20

CBT for ADHD

Answer 20

social skills training, problem solving skills training, psychoeducation, cog restructuring

mixed evidence

Question 21

CBT for autism (3)

Answer 21

Discrete trail training- teach concrete skills using reinforcement and other conditioning techniques

Early and intensive behavioural Interventions- Name for discrete trial training when under 5

Picture exchange communication systems- behavioural approach in which autistic children with language difficulties learn to communicate using picture cards

Question 22

What is a person centred perspective for tx disruptive behvauouyrs

Answer 22

child entered play therapy

-uses games/toys in order to for children to express feelings and work thru problems