Substance Abuse/ Dependance Flashcards
What is substance abuse vs dependence
abuse- ongoing misurse of a substance
dependence- chronic misuse of a substance accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal
This distinction is only found in ICD
Effects of alcohol on NTs (3)
- increased GABA activity
- Increased dopamine levels
- decreases effects of glutamate
What constitutes binge drinking
5+ drinks on one occassion
3 primary characteristics of FAS
1) retarted growth
2) Developmental delays and cognitive impairments
3) Atypical facial fx
what is delirium tremens
Intense syndrome caused by alcohol withdrawal during which a person becomes delirious, experiences intense tremors and terrifying hallucinations
What are 2 major consequences of chronic alcohol abuse
Cirrosis
Korsakoff syndrome= memory deterioration du to chronic alcohol abuse
3 major sedative hypnotics
- Barbituates
- Benzos
- Major tranquilizers
Types of stimulants (4)
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Nicotine
Caffeine
What are the natural opioids (3)
Naturally derived opiods can be broken down into alkaloid components to make
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Thebaine
What are the semisynthetic opiods
Heroin
Oxycodone
How does canabis produce its affects (NTs)
increasing GABA, glutamante, and dopamine
What is poly drug use
Refers to taking more than one drug at the same time OR people who are transitioning from one to another over time
What is the dopamine hypothesis of addiction
All versions of the dopamine hypothesis of addiction maintain that addictive drugs increase dopamine lvls in the brain
What is the reward deficiency syndrome of addiction
hypothesizes that addicted ppl take drugs to compensate for too little dopamine
-these types of ppl take drugs to increase dopamine because everyday activities don’t increase levels sufficiently
What is the incentive sensitization theory of addiction
Proposes that drugs cause people to seek them out by increasing dopamine sensitivity
(increased dopamine sensitivity results in increased alertness and on lookout for drugs)
What is drug replacement therapy and goals
Changing the delivery method/ exchanging one drug for another
-weans people off the drugs, sustain people om similar but less dangerous drugs
What is the genetics of additions
heratiability of substance disorders hovers around 50%
What is the attachment theory of addictions
- Inadequate parenting/abuse leads to insecure relational attachment in adulthood
- Substance abuse is seen as a defensive strat to avoid negative feelings about self/relationships
What is the addictive personality theory to addiction
highly contested
-Supporters argue that that antisocial traints are pos associated with substance addiction
What is contingency management treatent
CM is a behavioural technique designed to reward abstinence and other desired behaviour (rewarded for passing drug tests.
Why is social skills training used for addiction
Drug abuse can be a means to compensate for poor social skills
(one of the most beneficial CBT interventions)
What is relapse prevention for addiction
Teaching those in recovery how to identify and cope with high risk situations that temot them to use again
What are the aims of of motivational interviewing for addiction (5)
- Express empathy
- Develop dependency
- Avoid argumentation
- Roll with resistance
- Support self efficacy
What are the 5 stages of the trans theoretical model of change
- Precontemplation (no aweness of prob)
- Contemplation (aware of prob, not committed to change)
- Preperation (intention to change and small changes made)
- Action
- Maintainance
psychological vs pharmacological interventions for addiction
psychological just as effective or better
Socioeconomic status and substance abuse
adolescents and adults in Low SES neighborhoods show higher risk for abuse
multidimensional family therapy for addiction
for adolescents w abuse probs
- employs many therapies targeted at individual, family and environment
- just as effective as other CBT txs
