Substance Abuse/ Dependance

Question 1

What is substance abuse vs dependence

Answer 1

abuse- ongoing misurse of a substance

dependence- chronic misuse of a substance accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal

This distinction is only found in ICD

Question 2

Effects of alcohol on NTs (3)

Answer 2

• increased GABA activity
• Increased dopamine levels
• decreases effects of glutamate

Question 3

What constitutes binge drinking

Answer 3

5+ drinks on one occassion

Question 4

3 primary characteristics of FAS

Answer 4

1) retarted growth
2) Developmental delays and cognitive impairments
3) Atypical facial fx

Question 5

what is delirium tremens

Answer 5

Intense syndrome caused by alcohol withdrawal during which a person becomes delirious, experiences intense tremors and terrifying hallucinations

Question 6

What are 2 major consequences of chronic alcohol abuse

Answer 6

Cirrosis

Korsakoff syndrome= memory deterioration du to chronic alcohol abuse

Question 7

3 major sedative hypnotics

Answer 7

1. Barbituates
2. Benzos
3. Major tranquilizers

Question 8

Types of stimulants (4)

Answer 8

Cocaine
Amphetamines
Nicotine
Caffeine

Question 9

What are the natural opioids (3)

Answer 9

Naturally derived opiods can be broken down into alkaloid components to make

• Morphine
• Codeine
• Thebaine

Question 10

What are the semisynthetic opiods

Answer 10

Heroin

Oxycodone

Question 11

How does canabis produce its affects (NTs)

Answer 11

increasing GABA, glutamante, and dopamine

Question 12

What is poly drug use

Answer 12

Refers to taking more than one drug at the same time OR people who are transitioning from one to another over time

Question 13

What is the dopamine hypothesis of addiction

Answer 13

All versions of the dopamine hypothesis of addiction maintain that addictive drugs increase dopamine lvls in the brain

Question 14

What is the reward deficiency syndrome of addiction

Answer 14

hypothesizes that addicted ppl take drugs to compensate for too little dopamine

-these types of ppl take drugs to increase dopamine because everyday activities don’t increase levels sufficiently

Question 15

What is the incentive sensitization theory of addiction

Answer 15

Proposes that drugs cause people to seek them out by increasing dopamine sensitivity

(increased dopamine sensitivity results in increased alertness and on lookout for drugs)

Question 16

What is drug replacement therapy and goals

Answer 16

Changing the delivery method/ exchanging one drug for another

-weans people off the drugs, sustain people om similar but less dangerous drugs

Question 17

What is the genetics of additions

Answer 17

heratiability of substance disorders hovers around 50%

Question 18

What is the attachment theory of addictions

Answer 18

• Inadequate parenting/abuse leads to insecure relational attachment in adulthood
• Substance abuse is seen as a defensive strat to avoid negative feelings about self/relationships

Question 19

What is the addictive personality theory to addiction

Answer 19

highly contested

-Supporters argue that that antisocial traints are pos associated with substance addiction

Question 20

What is contingency management treatent

Answer 20

CM is a behavioural technique designed to reward abstinence and other desired behaviour (rewarded for passing drug tests.

Question 21

Why is social skills training used for addiction

Answer 21

Drug abuse can be a means to compensate for poor social skills
(one of the most beneficial CBT interventions)

Question 22

What is relapse prevention for addiction

Answer 22

Teaching those in recovery how to identify and cope with high risk situations that temot them to use again

Question 23

What are the aims of of motivational interviewing for addiction (5)

Answer 23

1. Express empathy
2. Develop dependency
3. Avoid argumentation
4. Roll with resistance
5. Support self efficacy

Question 24

What are the 5 stages of the trans theoretical model of change

Answer 24

1. Precontemplation (no aweness of prob)
2. Contemplation (aware of prob, not committed to change)
3. Preperation (intention to change and small changes made)
4. Action
5. Maintainance

Question 25

psychological vs pharmacological interventions for addiction

Answer 25

psychological just as effective or better

Question 26

Socioeconomic status and substance abuse

Answer 26

adolescents and adults in Low SES neighborhoods show higher risk for abuse

Question 27

multidimensional family therapy for addiction

Answer 27

for adolescents w abuse probs

• employs many therapies targeted at individual, family and environment
• just as effective as other CBT txs