Anxiety Flashcards
What is anxiety
feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes such as increased blood pressure
What is obsessions and compulsions
obsessions- persistent thoughts, images or urges (thoughts are hard to dismiss)
Compulsions- behaviours or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform (in response to obsessions)
What is agoraphobia
fear of inability to escape crowds
being where you may have an intense and embarrassing fear reaction and won’t be able to escape
Panic attacks and how to dx
intense and abrupt anxious rxns (severe, debilitating and severe)
–Only once attacks are frequent, recurrent and unexpected can there be a dx of panic disorder. Also need persistent worry for at least 1 month
What is general anxiety disorder
Excessive and consistent worry that is global and unspecific
What is selective mutism
failure to speak in expected situations not due to physical inability
(mostly in children)
What is annihilation anxiety
specific anxiety in children worse tan seperation anxiety
-anxiety that babies experience at birth due to lack of caregivers
What is trichotillomana
Is a disorder in which a person compulsively pulls out their own hair
What is excoriation
compulsive picking at skin which results in lesions
what class of drugs are used to treat anxiety
anxiolytics
antidepressants are most commonly used
What is most well known anxiolytic and MOA
benzos
enhances the effect of GABA resulting in sedative, anticonvulsant etc
What drugs are used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder
SSRIs
Phycodynamic perspective for chronic worry
either from unacceptable repressed wishes or inconsistent parenting
Who came up with the term of basic anzxiety and why does it happen
Karen Horney- feelings of being hopelessness, small and insig because of abuse/ neglect
–Can be caused by overprotective parents, parents who are controlling, critical etc
What is the psychodynamic perspective in OCD
when intrusive thoughts threaten core perceptions of self.
–develops in someone whose parents are emotionally ambivalent or superficially supportive but then suddenly rejecting
CBT vs phycodynamic therapy
CBT is likely more effective
In CBT how is OCD and anxiety modeled
conditioning, modelling and irrational thinking are seen as central to obsessions, compulsions, anxiety
What occurs in behavioural conditioning of anxiety
- Phobias learned thru classical conditioning
- operent conditioning when people avoid anxiety inducing situations
- observational learning
What are the 4 cognitive models to anxiety
avoidance model or worry (constant worry as that is less anxiety producing then expericeing situation)
Intolerance of uncirtentiy model (ongoing anxiety occurs in those wo have a hard time handling uncertainty)
Metacognitive model (when negative beliefs about worry take over)
Emotional dysregulation model (anxious people have difficulty reg emotions)
Ppl who are susceptible to panic disorders and agoraphobia tend to be sensitive to what
extremely sensitive and attenuated to subtle physiological variations
What is the catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic disorders
People who are prone to recurrent, unexpected panic attacks catastrophically misinterpret certain body sensations
To adress misinterpratations in those with misinterpretation model of panic disorders what 4 things should be done to address it
cognituve therapy (chalange body interpreation)
Psychoeducation (teach people how the misinterpret info)
Behavioural activation (Focus on disconfirming a persons predictions that certain events will produce panic attacks)
Exposure therapy ( focus on inducing body changes to show that they dont always lead to attacks)
What is exposure plus response prevention in CBT
exposure therapies are first line interventions for anxiety and OCD related issues
-pt is placed in direct contact with an anxiety provoking sit and prevented from leaving
What occurs in systemic desensitization in CBT (2 parts)
Part 1- fear hiearchy (indentify experiences feared and rank them)
Part 2- Relaxation (progressive relaxation is a technique used to systemically relax all mm
What is modelling in CBT
therapist models adverse behaviour to pt to illustrate fear is unjustified
what is participant modeling
which pt is invited to partake in the anxiety provoking activity w the therapist
What is in vivo vs imaginal exposure
in vivo- ppl intentionally expose themselves to a feared sit.
Imaginal exposure- People imagine a feared situation
What is thought stopping
pateints are taught to stop their thoughts often by saying stop when intrusive or obsessive thoughts occur
What is acceptance based cog therapy
emphasizzes accepting not banishing or taking literally stressful conditions
What is langerian mindfulness
the process of paying attention on purpose to the present moment, of being aware of novelty in experiences or situations and perceubg differences in contexts/events
