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CD 3406 > 33. Head trauma/ mTBI > Flashcards

33. Head trauma/ mTBI Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of PTSD include:

A
  • distressing or intrusive memories of incident
  • Intense emotional upset
  • Avoidence of things that remind of event
  • reliving event thru nightmares/flashbacks
  • ongoing anxiety
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2
Q

symtom duration to qualify for dx of PTSD

A

DSM says symptoms must persist >1m

can be a 6 m delay from trauma to onset of PTSD

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3
Q

what did ICD do to improve the PTSD dx

A

divides PTSD into 2 separate dx: PTSD and complex PTSD

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4
Q

What is the core criteria for the dx of PTSD according to ICD (3)

A

Several weeks of:

  1. reexperiencing the trauma
  2. Avoiding reminders of the event
  3. Sense of weighted threat and arousal
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5
Q

What additional symptoms does complex PTSD come with along with 3 core symtoms (4)

A
  • difficulty managing emotion
  • belief that one is worthless
  • Feelings of shame, guilt, or failure
  • trouble maintaining relationships
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6
Q

What is the criteria for a clinical traumatic event in PTSD

A

The person was exposed to:

  • death or threatened death
  • actual or threatened serious injury
  • Actual or threatened sexual violation

In one or more of the following ways:

  • experiencing event themselves
  • Witnessing the event as they occur to others
  • learing about it happening to friens/relitive
  • experiencing details of it over n over
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7
Q

cultivating mindfulness in trauma

A

It is not possible to control the occurrence of trauma, but as one cultivates broad mindfulness, one can begin to see that one can use the experiences as an opportunity to transform life

-as people learn to let go of a state f blame and remorse, they can transform painful affliction into compassionate self acceptance and forgiveness

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8
Q

Role of psychologists in trauma

A

can guide patient into path of self discovery where in the ego is deemphasized and an awareness of the interconnected nature of life arises

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9
Q

what are neural networks

A

are made up of complex connection bw neurone , formed by initial experiences and reinforced when those experiences are repeated

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10
Q

What areas of the brain are responsible for state dependent learning (4)

A

cortical brain regions
middle insular cortex
anterior cingulate cortex
hippocampus

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11
Q

What part of the brain does mindfulness affect

A

Thickens the right anterior insula (part of the brain associated with self awareness)

-ALSO shown to reduce the size of the amygdala

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12
Q

goals of tx in PTSD

A
  • tx should be aimed at helping pts to live fully and securely in present
  • involves neural restructuring to bring back the involvement of brain structures that are overwhelmed by trauma
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13
Q

bents of langerian mindfulness

A
  • reducing hypertension
  • lessening anxiety
  • improving isomnia
  • avoiding depressive relapses and self injury
  • improved ability to cope w trauma
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14
Q

What is the short dynamic therapy stress syndrome theory to PTSDY

A

PSTD rxns occur when people have had a hard time successfully navigating the phases that everyone must face when dealing w trauma

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15
Q

The phases of trauma (5)

A
  1. Initial outcry
  2. . Danial and numbness (dissociation from world)
  3. Intrusive thoughts/feelings (about event)
  4. Working through (integrating thoughts/feeling w self
  5. Completion
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16
Q

What are the 12 sessions of short dynamo therapy of stress syndrome (w1-4, 5-8, 9-12)

A

1-4– Establish trust so pt can safely recount truama

5-8– Work thru pts unconscious conflicts, maladaptive interpersonal patterns and problematic beliefs

9-12– Integrate strides patients have made and process feeling about end of therapy

17
Q

Behavioural approaches for tx of PTSD

A
  1. exposure therapy for PTSD
  2. exposure therapy for prolonged grief
  3. Behavioural activation for PTSD
18
Q

What is exposure therapy for PTSD

A 
-1st line intervention
Uses techniques such as: 
=exposure + response activation (usually imagery or virtual reality)
=Systemic desensitization
=Modeling
19
Q

What part of the brain may exposure therapy normalize

A

Normalize amygdala and prefrontal cortex

20
Q

What is exposure therapy for prolonged grief

A

The patient gradually confronts loss by focusing on the most painful parts of a loved ones passing
–the goal is to stop avoiding feelings about loss and rather face the reality

21
Q

What is behaviour activation for PTSD

A
  • exists due to concerns that exposure therapies are often impractical in the real world
  • pts are encouraged to engage in activities that they find rewarding
22
Q

What is the cognitive approach to PTSD

A

cognitive approaches to PSTD aim to educate patients about typical responses to trauma and to challenge their automatic beliefs about the event

23
Q

What are the different types of cognitive approaches (7)

A
  1. Emotional processing theory
  2. Dual representation theory
  3. Cognitive processing therapy
  4. Negative Appraisals theory
  5. Stress inoculation training
  6. Mindfulness and acceptance approaches
  7. Eye movement desensitization reprocessing
24
Q

What is emotional processing theory

A

cognitive theory that attributes post traumatic stress as well as other fear anxiety responses to dysfunctional fear structures

25
Q

What is a fear structure

A

Associated thoughts, feelings, beliefs and bahaviours that are elicited when faced with a threatening event

26
Q

What is the dysfunctional fear state of those w PTSD

A
  • The world isn’t safe

- Theur symptoms prove they are crazy and incapable of managing their distress

27
Q

What is dual representation theory

A

refers that people encode trauma in 2 different ways thru:

  1. Verbally accessible memories (VAMS)
  2. Situationally accessible memories (SAMS)
28
Q

What is the key aspect of therapy in dual representation theory

A

Adress SAMs and turn them into VAMs by encouraging PTSF clients to focus on them when elicited rather than avoid

29
Q

What is cognitive processing theory and how is it different from emotional processing theory

A

This approach combines exposure + focus on revising cognitions about the trauma (places less emphasis on fear structures though)

  • instead CPT attributes problems with PTSD zoo self esteem, competence and emotional intimacy
30
Q

What does cognitve processing theory focus on in tx

A
  • help them reduce the tendency to overgeneralize beliefs about the traumatic event to other situations
  • teaching them to challenge calculations that result in self blame and avoids the exposure component involved
31
Q

What is negative appraisals in relation to PTSD

A

people interpret the external world as dangerous and come to see themselves as damaged and no longer able to function effectively

32
Q

what is the 3 main goals in negative appraisal theory tx

A
  1. Alter negative appraisals of the trauma
  2. Reduce reexperiencing the trauma by elaborating mens of it and identifying triggers
  3. Eliminate dysfunctional cognitive and behaviour strats
33
Q

What is stress inoculation training

A

Combines a variety of CBT techniques to decrease avoidence and anxiety related to the trauma

  • education
  • mm relaxation train
  • Breathing techniques
  • role playing
  • guidled șelf dialogue
34
Q

What is mindfulness and acceptance approaches

A

the goal of therapy is to stay in touch with the present moment, rather than being pre occupied by traumatic memories

-to experience the moment without being emotionally triggered by it

35
Q

What is eye movement desensitization reprocessing

A

has pt imagine the traumatic event while engaging in bilateral stimulation

36
Q

What is the humanistic perspective to PTSD

A

most peple report that having to cope with the event transformed them in unexpected ways– Post Traumatic growth

CD 3406 (23 decks)

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