27. Change models + health behaviour

Question 1

messaging of benefits vs adverse effects

Answer 1

a meta analysis of mindfulness studies indicates that messages highlighting benefits are more effective than messages highlighting adverse effects

Question 2

Ind difference in messaging

Answer 2

A persons behaviour also depends on their personality/ind characteristics

Question 3

What is better messaging for initiating change and maintaining behaviour

Answer 3

promotion oriented messages may be somewhat more successful in getting people to initiate behaviour change and prevention messages for maintaining

Question 4

What is attitudinal approaches to health behaviour change

Answer 4

This approach holds that attitudes are a key construct in health psychology due to their central roll in changing behaviour

automatic attitudes are thought to capture reflexive aspects of motivation

Question 5

According to the attitudinal approach to health behaviour change, whether an individual practices health behaviours depends on what 2 factors

Answer 5

1. Percieved threat

2. Perceived benefits

Question 6

What are perceived threats (3)

Answer 6

-threats to health are typically influenced by:
General health values
-Specific beliefs about personal vulnerability to particular disorder
-Beliefs about the severity of the consequences of the disorder

Ex. people may change their diet if they value health, feel threatened by the possibility of heart disease and percieve that the personal consequences of developing heart disease are sever

Question 7

What are perceived benefits

Answer 7

Whether a person believes that a health practice will be effective in reducing a threat depends on:

• if the intervention will be effective in first place
• If cose of doing activity are worth it

Question 8

What is a sig drawback of the health belief model

Answer 8

Negates an important component of health behaviour change: self efficacy (ex. smokers who believe that they can’t stop smoking are unlikely to make effort becuase they lack self efficacy)

Question 9

What is protection motivation theory

Answer 9

Examines how people appraise health threats and how people appraise their ability to manage threats

Question 10

What is the theory of planned behaviour

Answer 10

A health practice is the direct result of a behavioural intention

behavioural intention- refers to the motivational factors that influence a given behaviour where the stronger the intention to perform a behaviour the more likely it will be performed

Question 11

What is a behaviour intention comprised of (3)

Answer 11

1. Attitude (beliefs about threats, vulnerability etc)
2. Subjective norms (broadly accepted attitudes)
3. Percieved behavioural control (self efficacy)

Question 12

what are the criticisms of attitude theories

Answer 12

• health habits are often deeply ingrained and difficult to modify
• attitude change interventions may improvve the informational base for altering habits but do not always provide the impetus to take action
• attitude change techniques assume that behaviour is just guided by conscious thought

Question 13

Attitudinal theories are deemed incomplete due to these factorsL

Answer 13

• other factors that affect motivation (fear, threat, mood etc)
• Environmental or economic factors that influence behaviour
• distinction between intent and action

Question 14

What is self regulation and why is it key

Answer 14

refers to the fact that people control their own actions, emotions and thoughts
-some self regulation is automatic and co-occuring without awareness or thought but most is conscious and designed to meet personal goals

Question 15

What is self determination theory and 2 major components of it

Answer 15

builds on the idea that people are actively motivated to pursue their goals

1. Automous motivation
2. Perceived competence

Question 16

What is autonous motivation and perceived competence

Answer 16

1, Autonomous- People are autonomously motivated when they experience free will and choice when making decisions

2, Percieced competence- belief that one is capable of gaining mastery and learning dif skills (when they have the skills for success)

Question 17

What is implementation intentions theory

Answer 17

The model emphasizes implementation intententions integrate conscious processing with automatic behaviour

• when a person desires to practice a health behaviour, it can be achieved by making a simple plan that links critical situations of environmental cutes to goal directed responses
• shows importance of planning exactly how, when and where to implement health bahaviours

Question 18

What is important feature of implementation intention that links two things

Answer 18

A person can delegate control of goal directed responses to such situational cues
-completing breakfast (situational cue) can elicit the behaviour (walking dog) automatically

Question 19

What is the end result of implementation intention

Answer 19

Though the original implementation intention is consciously framed, the relation of health behaviour to the situation in which is relevant becomes automatic

Question 20

What is self affirmation

Answer 20

Focuses on how individuals adapt to information or experiences that challenge their self concept/identity

Question 21

What areas of the brain increased with persuasive messaging

Answer 21

medial prefrontal cortex and post cingulate cortex

Question 22

What is stimulus control intervention CBT

Answer 22

ridding the environment of discriminative stim that evoke the problem behaviour
creating new discrimitive stim that reinforce a new response