Suburbanisation Flashcards
Suburbanisation
. Increased movement of people/services/industries from the centres of inner urban areas outwards, towards the edges of the built-up area
. Infills vacant land
. Outward growth of surbubs - they eat their way into countryside side on the urban fringe
. As people move they change the countryside economically, socially, culturally and demographically
As urbanisation increases…
. City centres become overcrowded and people want more space
. Improvements to public transport mean people can live further away but still reach the city centre easily.
As megacitities grow…
. More suburbs are added so older suburbs arent in the outskirts anymore
. Complex pattern of wealthier + poorer areas develop
. Wealthy love on suburbs - can afford the space
. Wealthy move into poorer suburbs and renovate houses - gentrification
Suburban dream
. Families own their own home with garden
. Send children to good schools
. Escale the dirt + crime of the city
1800-1900
. Rapis urban industrialisation
. Industry paid fir city centres
. Unplanned housing developed around factories with few amenities
. Middle classes began to move into suburbs
Inter and post war periods
. Suburbs continued to rapidly grow
. Fewer planning regulations and urban growth took the form of ribbin development along main routes
Causes of suburbanisation (push factors)
. Housing - poorly built, terraced housing lacking basic amenities
. Environmental problems- air pollution from factories/traffic, lack of open space, large amount of derelict land
. Unemployment - decline of heavy industry = lack of jobs
. Social problems - inner city areas were connected with crime, drugs + vandalism
. Redevelopment - either retail/residential/industrial it forced people to move out
. Deindustrialisation
Causes of suburbanisation (pull factors)
. Newly built properties with modern amnities like central heating and double glazing
. Environment - more open space + gardens
. Safer places to live with less traffic and crime
. Employment - jobs, retail and business parks found there
. Education - schools were better as was the general social environment to raise a family
. Access to fast road newtworks or suburban railways
Other causes of suburbanisation
De-centralisation:
. Shift of jobs into service sector
. Others tebd to be in non-centralised locations to make use of cheaper land prices
De-industrialisation:
. Loss of manufacturing jobs in inner cities
. Workers often lacked skills for jobs in service sectors
. Inner cities experienced spiral of problems
Technology:
. ICT + communication developments allowed work from home
. Transport development made commuting firther easuer
Attractioms of edge city location:
. Access - motorways etc.
. Room to expand
. Green space
. Pleasant environment
Disadvantages to suburbanisation
. People may be further from their work and the central retail area
. Less community area
. Children have to go to new schools and make new friends
. New suburban estates use up valuable green land, icrease air pollution + traffic due to further travel distances
Demographic changes
. Ageing population
. Rural depopulation
. Suburbanisation and second homes
Technological changes
. Increased accessibility
. More work carrie out at home
Social changes
. More professional middle casses
. Fewer farm workers
. More retired people
. Therefore rural gentrification so a rise in rural house prices
. Closure of services like village schools, shops, bus sevices as new comers use city srevices
Urban population movement
Phase 1: . Jobs located in city . Draws people in from rural areas - urbanisation . Large scale rural-urban migration Pase 2: . Jobs and people moving to the suburbs . Some rurual urban migration . Increased affluence nd better transport allow people to leve the city but some are still attracted to the city . Suburbanisation Phase 3: . Suburbanisation and counterurbanisation are dominant trends . Move to suburbs . Move back to city centre
