Rise In The Service Economy

Question 1

De-industrialisation

Answer 1

Loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector

Question 2

1980s

Answer 2

. Old industrial cities saw a decline in manufacturing
. Mechanisation
. Competitive from abroad mainly Taiwan, China and South Korea
. Reduce demand for traditional products

Question 3

Decentralisation

Answer 3

As the inner city areas declined, new investment went to the edgeof cities

Question 4

Uk emplyment structure

Answer 4

. Primary declined
. Secondary increased, peaked and post industrial has declined
. Tertiary has increased
. Since post industrial quaternary increased

Question 5

Impacts of de-industrialisation and decentralisation (social)

Answer 5

. Rise in unemployment
. Rise in deprivation levels
. Rise in crime, substance abuse, family breakdown
. Loss of confidence and morale

Question 6

Impacts of de-industrialisation and decentralisation (economic)

Answer 6

. Loss of jobs
. Loss of tax and services
. Rise demand for benefits
. Lower property price - out migration
. De-multiplier effect in urban areas

Question 7

Impacts of de-industrialisation and decentralisation (environmental)

Answer 7

. Derelict land and buildings
. Long term pollution from dirty industries
. Deteriorating infrastructure
. Less maintenance of local housing caused by lower incomes
. Less noise, land and water pollution and traffic congestion

Question 8

Sheffield

Answer 8

. There has been deindustrialised since the 1970s
. Has resulted in decentralisation to the edge of Sheffield with the development of The Advanced Manufacturing Park (AMP)

Question 9

De-industrialisation in Sheffield

Answer 9

. Unemployment rate rose above the national in the 80s reaching 16% in 1984
. In 1971 the manufacturing industry emplyed 50% half of this in 1984

Question 10

Decentralisation in Sheffield

Answer 10

. In the 90s advanced manufacturing was the way to prosperity
. This i the integration of technology based systems in the prduction of goods
. Partnerships between the public and private sectors, entrepreneurial focus of the City Council paved the way for the AMP
. ‘Made in Sheffield’ trademark enjoys high recognition, mark of quality
. AMP has accelerated long term regeneration

Question 11

AMP

Answer 11

. 100 acre site
. Provides businesses space for high tech industries, research and development
. Partnership betweens unis, city and manufacturering industry
. £100 mil partnership with AMRC and University of Sheffield
. Focuses on material like metallic and precision industries like medical devices
. Opportunity to grow supply chains - lots of businesses on site
. Low cost to expand into the avialable space
. Campus style layout encourages communication
. 700-800 wmployed
. Mixing and networking
. Companies include Boeing and Rolls Royce

Question 12

AMP success

Answer 12

. Succeeed through innovation
. Either only or the best qualified people
. Specific technology in the region available nowhere else
. Technology used in projects like F1

Question 13

Why has the service sector increased

Answer 13

. Population growth
. Financial services needed to support manufacturing industries
. As we become more technologically sophisticated, need a larger range of specialised services to run them
. Also becoming wealthier and demanding more leisure and retail services

Question 14

Issues

Answer 14

. Many of the men who lost jobs through deindustrialisation have continued to suffer from long-term unemployment
. Many of the service jobs created are part-time or temporary – the rise of zero hours contracts
. The number of service jobs created has not always made up for the loss in manufacturing
. Inner city locations have been avoided by both service industries and newer manufacturing companies leading to a continued inner-city decline