Mumbai Case Study

Question 1

Mumbai economic background

Answer 1

. Bollywood cinema industry
. Income was largely based on outsourced work
. Economic hub contributing 0% of factory employment and 25% of industrial output
. The National stock Exchange of India located there
. Nariman point is the hub of economic + financial activity

Question 2

Mumbai size

Answer 2

. 6th largest in world
. Over 20 million residents and a growth rate of 2%
. In 2030 it will be the 4th largest with a population of nearly 30 million
. Slum population has increased since 1950, over 60% of the population

Question 3

Mumbai land use zones

Answer 3

. Wealthiest residential areas adjacent to the CBD and the poorer residential areas towards the edge of the city
. Dharavi is located to the south of the Mithi River between the Western and Central railway lines - vulnerable to fllods

Question 4

Mumbai location

Answer 4

. Located in the west coast of India in the Makrasha province
. In 1995 Bombay changed its name Mumbai

Question 5

Push factors (Kanhor Village)

Answer 5

. Up to half a million people are still stranded by flood waters in Bihar
. Lack of sanitation and clean drinking water
. Deficient rains, drought-affected farmers
. Corruption in government schemes
. Poor food and water supply
. Rural areas suffer from high levels of malnutrition
. Lack of communication infrastructure e.g. banks
. Farmers have taken out high interest loans from unofficial lenders

Question 6

Pull factors

Answer 6

. Improved technological ability allowing communication with the rest of the world
. More money to be made as large global corporations have set up in Mumbai
. More opportunities e.g. Bollywood, IT, banking
. More services from fine driving, to shopping - taxi rides to sport - more of a social life
. Better infrastructure like water + electricity

Question 7

Mumbai is experiencing hyper urbanisation

Answer 7

Where the increase in the urban population is happening so rapidly that the city cannot cope with the need of the people

Question 8

Global Mumbai

Answer 8

. Commercial capital of India
. 40% of international flights land in mumbai
. Bollywood film industry produces more films than Hollywood
. Growth in Mumbai has brought wealth + power to some
. Rents in the most exclusive parts are higher than in London and New York

Question 9

Dharavi economic change (late 1800s)

Answer 9

. 1 million people living in 1 square mile producing 1 billion
. Originally a small fishing village
. Marshy land infilled with waste so lost its river
. Slum founded when the British colonial government forced locals out the centre

Question 10

Dharavi economic change (early 1900s)

Answer 10

. Early economy based on pottery
. Rural urban migrants from Maharashtra sate migrants from SE India began the leather making industry
. Migrants from North India brought embroidery, origin of clothing indutry

Question 11

Dharavi economic change (late 1900s)

Answer 11

. Migrants from NW India started the potter industry
. Dharavis population grew rapidly due to migrant
. Massive recycling industry - ragpickers collect waste and sell to scrap dealers who to to factrorires for procession - recycles 80% of Mumbai’s waste, Mumbai generates 7000t a day
. 90% of work is in the informal sector

Question 12

Dharavi economic change (late 2000s)

Answer 12

. Economic activity is largely decentralised, organised and run from inside Dharavi, industry is typically low technology + labour intensive
. Over 5000 industrial units, over 15,000 single room factories which employ over 250,000 people
. At least 500 garment workshops with 50 machines
. Good are exported all over the world - Dharavi Market website
. Shift to service sector with growth of slum tourism - first slum museum opened in 2006 after Slumdof Millionair sucees

Question 13

Dharavi social

Answer 13

. Sense of community + safe neighbourhood
. 4 generations of family
. Lower life expectancy as burning plastic is toxic
. Use of child labour, no protective clothes
. Markert place and restaurants
. Noisy, dirty, smelly
. Rich look down on poor and dont know muh about Dharavi even though they only live 2 miles away

Question 14

Dharavi economic

Answer 14

. 85% employment
. 35,000 ragpickers search for stuff like plastic straws and only earn £1 a day
. Dealers pay around 2-5p for a bag of rubbish
. Slums have estate agents due to high land value - they take 10% commission
. Dharavi’s land is worth billions to developers

Question 15

Dharavi environmental

Answer 15

. Recycling schemes
. Waste is contaminated and contains diseases like cholera
. 15000 workshops in 1 square mile for recycling
. 80% recycle comapred to 23% in the UK
. Over 1 mil rubbish bage collected across Mumbai daily

Question 16

Dharavi solutions for the future

Answer 16

. A $2 billion project is panned to destroy Dharavi and rebuild it, people who have lived there for 10year+ can live at the bottom of the new high rise buildings - top will be sold to the rich
. Most dont want the flats and only want improvements to water supply and drainage
. Will cause loss of industry like recycling
. Families will be isolate - loss of community

Question 17

Other Mumbai facts

Answer 17

. For every one toilet there are 1500 people
. Over 40 skyscrapers about 150m and 130 towns above 100m
. Tropical climate - 7 month dry season from October to April and heavy rainfall from June to September

Question 18

Air pollution and traffic congestion

Answer 18

. 4th most polluted megacity
. 2nd most congested city
. Drivers spend an average of 65% extra travel time stuck in traffic

Question 19

Cultural diversty in Mumbai

Answer 19

. Very few migrants are from abroad as it is not a HIC
. Rural urban migration has caused Mumbai to grow rapidly and made the city more diverse
. The groups are divided by religion, not rcae
. 66% Hindu
. 20% Muslim
. 5% Buddhist

Question 20

Wealth distribution

Answer 20

. There are millionaires living in a slum where 40% of people earn less than $10 month
. 67% of the popution have lived in Dharavi for more than 10 years and 12. 5% ave lived there for less than 10 years.
. 43.3% have a family income per month of 0-5000 rupees.
. 71. 7% use public sanitary facilities.