Other Urban Environmental Issues

Question 1

Water pollution causes

Answer 1

. Rainwater from roads, pavements + roofs
. Effleunt from industries
. Leachates from illegal dumping and poorly managed landfill
. Domestic waste water e.g. toilets and sinks

Question 2

Mumbai river

Answer 2

River Mithi

Question 3

Mumbai water pollution

Answer 3

. Actual Rubbish Collection system in place
. Unemployed hired to clean river
. Sewers installed along River M banks
. Dredge (make it deeper) the river to increase carrying capacity
. Provide public toilets (1500 ppl per toilet in Dharavi)
*issues = high numbers of people, low cash flow to make changes and High Poverty

Question 4

Mumbai air pollution

Answer 4

. Traffic is the biggest problem (18 million cars in Mumbai 2X pop of London) - Congestion is major issue (increases fumes!)
. Monorail to reduce car driving (X14 built – 500 passengers) – no air / noise pollution
. ‘Burn Fat Not Fuel Scheme’ encourage to ride bikes (not same scale as Boris Bikes)
. Industry Chimneys need to be built above a certain height to encourage winds to disperse
. Filters need to be built into chimneys to reduce pollutants
. Green Roof Scheme to encourage planting on roof, reduces CO2 and UHI effect which can add 2degrees to city area otherwise

Question 5

London water pollution

Answer 5

. Water Resources Act 1991 – determines what counts as pollutive to water sources
. London outgrowing its sewer system (too many people, old system!)
. Rainwater needs to be harnessed as a valuable resources and so more SUDS needed. This will need to be retrofitted (refitted after buildings already built)
. Harvesting rainwater from buildings / reusing ‘grey water’ for toilets
. Vision 2040 should reduce floodrisk and manage rainwater to improve water quality

Question 6

London air pollution

Answer 6

. Boris / Santander Bikes
. ULEZ and congestion charge
. Integrated transport system
. Invest in electric motor infrastructure
. Shared Occupancy car lanes (after 2012 Olympics)

Question 7

Causes of water pollution in Mumbai

Answer 7

. Illegally dumped raw sewage
. Industrial waste
. Oil drums
. Washing vessels
. Municipal wwaste
. Animals 
. Organic waste
. Cattle sheds
. Unauthorised discharge of hazardous wase
. Surface run off - picks up dirt
. Dumping is more intentional as residents have no choice - less regulations and water treatment

Question 8

Causes of air pollution in Mumbai

Answer 8

1. Industries in the eastern suburbs and New Bombay.
2. Rubbish incineration by the MC (Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation).
3. Insufficient control over emission levels from vehicles.

Question 9

Causes of water pollution in Lomdon

Answer 9

. Agriculture - chemicals sprayed ike pesticides
. Car parks - contaminated by oil, petrol etc.
. Driveways - washing cars washes off oil + dirt, soaps contain phosphates removing oxygen in the water
. Your house - incorrect plumbing
. More waste regulations than Mumbai
. Food sewage - stuff down the sink + toilet