Substance Use & Misuse

Question 1

The misuse of alcohol or other drugs to a degree that causes problems in the individual’s life

Answer 1

substance abuse

Question 2

Experimenters and abstainers score higher on measures of __________ than frequent users.

Answer 2

psychological adjustment

Question 3

To be diagnosed with substance use disorder, the individual must have ___ out of 11 of the criteria that are persistent.

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Co-occurring, as when an individual has more than one problem at the same time

Answer 4

comorbid

Question 5

The covariation among various types of externalizing disorders believed to result from an underlying trait of unconventionality

Answer 5

Problem behavior syndrome

Question 6

A theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society’s main institutions.

Answer 6

Social control theory

Question 7

According to social control theory, __________ problems in childhood cause academic problems in adolescence, which then cause _________ problems in adulthood.

Answer 7

externalizing, internalizing

Question 8

________ use was declining slowly but increased a bit in recent years.

Answer 8

alcohol

Question 9

Since the 1990s, ___________ has decrease dramatically.

Answer 9

smoking

Question 10

Experimentation with alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco is all _______ common among younger teens than 20 years ago.

Answer 10

less

Question 11

Early substance use is cause for concern, as it increases the risk of developing a __________.

Answer 11

substance use disorder

Question 12

____________ risk factors include certain personality characteristics, including anger, impulsivity, inattentiveness, and sensation seeking.

Answer 12

psychological

Question 13

___________ risk factors include distant, hostile, or conflicted relationships.

Answer 13

familial

Question 14

___________ risk factors include friends who use and tolerate the use of drugs.

Answer 14

social

Question 15

___________ risk factors include availability of drugs, community’s norms, the degree to which laws are enforced, the ways drug use is presented in the media.

Answer 15

contextual

Question 16

Scientists have speculated that because the adolescent brain is very ________, experimentation with drugs is more harmful.

Answer 16

malleable

Question 17

A neurotransmitter especially important in the brain circuits that regulates the experience of reward.

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Recreational drugs affect _________, and drug molecules are similar to dopamine making dopamine receptors responding to them as if they were in the presence of natural dopamine, so frequent drug use during adolescence alters _____________.

Answer 18

receptors, brain reward system

Question 19

Permanent alteration in the dopamine system as a result of drug exposure is more likely to happen in adolescence, when the __________ is still malleable.

Answer 19

limbic system

Question 20

Adolescents feel the _________ effects of drinking less than adults, but the ________ effects more than adults.

Answer 20

negative, positive