Identity Development Flashcards
According to Erikson, problems in development may occur when someone has not __________.
resolved earlier crises
In adolescence, Erikson focused on identity __________, identity _________, and negative ___________-.
diffusion, foreclosure, identity
the incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of self-characteristic of not having resolved the crisis of identity.
identity diffusion
Identity diffusion leads to excessive ____________ and difficulty _____________ and in work, school, and relationships.
self-consciousness, making decisions
the premature establishment of a sense of identity, before sufficient role experimentation has occurred
identity foreclosure
__________ interferes with people’s discovery of their full range of potential (seen in teen moms)
identity foreclosure
Roles adopted in identity foreclosure often revolve around goals set by ___________.
parents
a period during which individuals are free from excessive obligations and responsibilities and can therefore experiment with different roles and personalities (seen in college students)
psychosocial moratorium
Psychosocial moratorium is an important prelude to establishing a coherent ___________, but some consider it a luxury of the affluent.
sense of identity
According to Erikson, loss of ______________ means lost potential.
psychosocial moratorium
Identity __________ continues into young adulthood and is best viewed as a series of identity crises.
exploration
When successfully resolved, identity crises culminate in a series of basic _____________.
life commitments
the selection of an identity that is obviously undesirable in the eyes of significant others and the broader community
negative identity
A negative identity is usually an attempt to forge sense of ____________ when it is difficult to establish an acceptable identity.
self-definition
Most adolescents would rather by somebody _______ than nobody at all.
bad
the aspect of an individuals’ sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial group membership
ethnic identity
Ethnic identity is generally weakest in __________- youth.
white
Among _____________ adolescents, there is vacillation between identifying as a member of a broad ethnic category or a group defined by country of origin.
immigrant
The process of ethnic identity is similar to the process of general ____________.
identity development
In both ethnic identity development and general identity development, unquestioning view of oneself is displaced or upset by a crisis, then a period of ____________ occurs. The development of ethnic identity is strongly influenced by ____________.
exploration, context
Frequent contact with peers from the same ethnic group contributes to stronger ____________ feelings about ethnicity.
positive
Positive mental health among ethnic minority adolescents is associated with _____________.
biculturalism
the process through which an individual develops an understanding of their ethnic or racial background, also referred to as racial socialization.
ethnic socialization
What are the three themes of ethnic socialization?
- Understanding and valuing one’s culture
- Dealing with racism
- Succeeding in mainstream society
Ethnic socialization encourages adolescents to think positively about their ethnic heritage, which may lead to a stronger sense of _____________.
ethnic identity
adolescents who have immigrated more
recently to the United States score higher on measures of adjustment
than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose family has lived
in the United States for several generations
immigrant paradox
having two parents of different ethnic or racial backgrounds
multiethnic
In the US, ___________ individuals are the fastest growing demographic.
multiethnic
Multiethnic youth are more likely to have an ethnic identity that doesn’t match their classmates’ perceptions, which can cause __________ and low ____________.
distress, self-esteem
Many adolescents change their racial __________ over time.
identity
begin with a single race identity and then add one or more different racial identities
diversifiers
begin with multiracial self-categorization, but end up selecting only one race
consolidators
According to Hitlin et al. (2006), higher self-esteem = less likely to switch ___________.
identity
According to Hitlin et al. (2006), more _____________ = more likely to diversify ethnicity.
crystallized intelligence
