Identity Development

Question 1

According to Erikson, problems in development may occur when someone has not __________.

Answer 1

resolved earlier crises

Question 2

In adolescence, Erikson focused on identity __________, identity _________, and negative ___________-.

Answer 2

diffusion, foreclosure, identity

Question 3

the incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of self-characteristic of not having resolved the crisis of identity.

Answer 3

identity diffusion

Question 4

Identity diffusion leads to excessive ____________ and difficulty _____________ and in work, school, and relationships.

Answer 4

self-consciousness, making decisions

Question 5

the premature establishment of a sense of identity, before sufficient role experimentation has occurred

Answer 5

identity foreclosure

Question 6

__________ interferes with people’s discovery of their full range of potential (seen in teen moms)

Answer 6

identity foreclosure

Question 7

Roles adopted in identity foreclosure often revolve around goals set by ___________.

Answer 7

parents

Question 8

a period during which individuals are free from excessive obligations and responsibilities and can therefore experiment with different roles and personalities (seen in college students)

Answer 8

psychosocial moratorium

Question 9

Psychosocial moratorium is an important prelude to establishing a coherent ___________, but some consider it a luxury of the affluent.

Answer 9

sense of identity

Question 10

According to Erikson, loss of ______________ means lost potential.

Answer 10

psychosocial moratorium

Question 11

Identity __________ continues into young adulthood and is best viewed as a series of identity crises.

Answer 11

exploration

Question 12

When successfully resolved, identity crises culminate in a series of basic _____________.

Answer 12

life commitments

Question 13

the selection of an identity that is obviously undesirable in the eyes of significant others and the broader community

Answer 13

negative identity

Question 14

A negative identity is usually an attempt to forge sense of ____________ when it is difficult to establish an acceptable identity.

Answer 14

self-definition

Question 15

Most adolescents would rather by somebody _______ than nobody at all.

Answer 15

bad

Question 16

the aspect of an individuals’ sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial group membership

Answer 16

ethnic identity

Question 17

Ethnic identity is generally weakest in __________- youth.

Answer 17

white

Question 18

Among _____________ adolescents, there is vacillation between identifying as a member of a broad ethnic category or a group defined by country of origin.

Answer 18

immigrant

Question 19

The process of ethnic identity is similar to the process of general ____________.

Answer 19

identity development

Question 20

In both ethnic identity development and general identity development, unquestioning view of oneself is displaced or upset by a crisis, then a period of ____________ occurs. The development of ethnic identity is strongly influenced by ____________.

Answer 20

exploration, context

Question 21

Frequent contact with peers from the same ethnic group contributes to stronger ____________ feelings about ethnicity.

Answer 21

positive

Question 22

Positive mental health among ethnic minority adolescents is associated with _____________.

Answer 22

biculturalism

Question 23

the process through which an individual develops an understanding of their ethnic or racial background, also referred to as racial socialization.

Answer 23

ethnic socialization

Question 24

What are the three themes of ethnic socialization?

Answer 24

1. Understanding and valuing one’s culture
2. Dealing with racism
3. Succeeding in mainstream society

Question 25

Ethnic socialization encourages adolescents to think positively about their ethnic heritage, which may lead to a stronger sense of _____________.

Answer 25

ethnic identity

Question 26

adolescents who have immigrated more
recently to the United States score higher on measures of adjustment
than adolescents from the same ethnic group whose family has lived
in the United States for several generations

Answer 26

immigrant paradox

Question 27

having two parents of different ethnic or racial backgrounds

Answer 27

multiethnic

Question 28

In the US, ___________ individuals are the fastest growing demographic.

Answer 28

multiethnic

Question 29

Multiethnic youth are more likely to have an ethnic identity that doesn’t match their classmates’ perceptions, which can cause __________ and low ____________.

Answer 29

distress, self-esteem

Question 30

Many adolescents change their racial __________ over time.

Answer 30

identity

Question 31

begin with a single race identity and then add one or more different racial identities

Answer 31

diversifiers

Question 32

begin with multiracial self-categorization, but end up selecting only one race

Answer 32

consolidators

Question 33

According to Hitlin et al. (2006), higher self-esteem = less likely to switch ___________.

Answer 33

identity

Question 34

According to Hitlin et al. (2006), more _____________ = more likely to diversify ethnicity.

Answer 34

crystallized intelligence