Depression Flashcards
Psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms outward, as in aggression or delinquency.
Externalizing Disorders
Psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms inward, as in depression or anxiety
Internalizing disorders
Co-occurring, as when an individual has more than one problem at the same time
Comorbid
__________ is the most significant internalizing problem that has its onset in adolescence.
depression
Many adolescents have bouts of severe _________ as well, but these generally make their first appearance in childhood.
anxiety
Anxiety begins in _________, but depression begins during the ________ years.
childhood, teenage
In its mild form, ___________ is the most common psychological disturbance among adolescents.
depression
A psychological disturbance characterized by low self-esteem, decreased motivation, sadness, and difficulty in finding pleasure in formerly pleasurable activities.
depression
The symptoms of major depression are __________ in adolescence and adulthood among males and females.
the same
Prevalence of depressive feelings increases around the time of _______________.
puberty
An individual must have ____ of the 6 symptoms to be diagnosed with depression.
2
___________ is the period with the highest risk of the disorder.
middle adolescence
There have been __________ over time in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and other signs of internalized distress, especially among girls.
increases
Adolescents levels of __________ have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
anxiety
Before adolescence, _________ are slightly more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms.
boys
After puberty, __________ are more likely to be depressed, possibly because of gender roles and poor body image.
girls
Adolescence is more stressful for ________.
girls
A hormone known to influence emotional bonding to others; higher in females causing them to be more sensitive to relationships
oxytocin
A perspective on depression that posits that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to a stressful event or condition.
Diathesis-stress model of depression
Depression occurs when people with a __________ (a diathesis) toward internalizing problems are exposed to chronic or acute __________ (a stress).
predisposition, stressor
The diathesis may be ____________ in origin.
biological
Referring to activity in the brain and nervous system
neuroendocrine
The diathesis may be caused by _____________: people who tend to have more hopelessness, pessimism, and self-blame.
cognitive style
Some stress responses included _____________ and ___________ disorders and drug and alcohol abuse problems.
internalized, externalized
The ability of an individual to continue to function competently in the face of adversity or stress
Resilience
Multiple stressors have a much greater impact than single stressors
multiplicative
Adolescents who have __________ and ___________ resources are better able to cope with stress.
internal, external
Coping strategies in which an individual attempts to change the stressor
Primary control strategies
Coping strategies that involve attempts by the individual to adapt to the stressor
Secondary control strategies
Agoston & Rudolph (2011) found that more effortful engagement for _________ predicts lower levels of depression.
girls
Agoston & Rudolph (2011) found that for __________, effortful engagement lead to lower levels of depression, while for __________ higher levels of depression lead to lower levels of effortful engagement.
girls, boys
