Depression

Question 1

Psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms outward, as in aggression or delinquency.

Answer 1

Externalizing Disorders

Question 2

Psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms inward, as in depression or anxiety

Answer 2

Internalizing disorders

Question 3

Co-occurring, as when an individual has more than one problem at the same time

Answer 3

Comorbid

Question 4

__________ is the most significant internalizing problem that has its onset in adolescence.

Answer 4

depression

Question 5

Many adolescents have bouts of severe _________ as well, but these generally make their first appearance in childhood.

Answer 5

anxiety

Question 6

Anxiety begins in _________, but depression begins during the ________ years.

Answer 6

childhood, teenage

Question 7

In its mild form, ___________ is the most common psychological disturbance among adolescents.

Answer 7

depression

Question 8

A psychological disturbance characterized by low self-esteem, decreased motivation, sadness, and difficulty in finding pleasure in formerly pleasurable activities.

Answer 8

depression

Question 9

The symptoms of major depression are __________ in adolescence and adulthood among males and females.

Answer 9

the same

Question 10

Prevalence of depressive feelings increases around the time of _______________.

Answer 10

puberty

Question 11

An individual must have ____ of the 6 symptoms to be diagnosed with depression.

Answer 11

2

Question 12

___________ is the period with the highest risk of the disorder.

Answer 12

middle adolescence

Question 13

There have been __________ over time in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and other signs of internalized distress, especially among girls.

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

Adolescents levels of __________ have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Answer 14

anxiety

Question 15

Before adolescence, _________ are slightly more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms.

Answer 15

boys

Question 16

After puberty, __________ are more likely to be depressed, possibly because of gender roles and poor body image.

Answer 16

girls

Question 17

Adolescence is more stressful for ________.

Answer 17

girls

Question 18

A hormone known to influence emotional bonding to others; higher in females causing them to be more sensitive to relationships

Answer 18

oxytocin

Question 19

A perspective on depression that posits that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to a stressful event or condition.

Answer 19

Diathesis-stress model of depression

Question 20

Depression occurs when people with a __________ (a diathesis) toward internalizing problems are exposed to chronic or acute __________ (a stress).

Answer 20

predisposition, stressor

Question 21

The diathesis may be ____________ in origin.

Answer 21

biological

Question 22

Referring to activity in the brain and nervous system

Answer 22

neuroendocrine

Question 23

The diathesis may be caused by _____________: people who tend to have more hopelessness, pessimism, and self-blame.

Answer 23

cognitive style

Question 24

Some stress responses included _____________ and ___________ disorders and drug and alcohol abuse problems.

Answer 24

internalized, externalized

Question 25

The ability of an individual to continue to function competently in the face of adversity or stress

Answer 25

Resilience

Question 26

Multiple stressors have a much greater impact than single stressors

Answer 26

multiplicative

Question 27

Adolescents who have __________ and ___________ resources are better able to cope with stress.

Answer 27

internal, external

Question 28

Coping strategies in which an individual attempts to change the stressor

Answer 28

Primary control strategies

Question 29

Coping strategies that involve attempts by the individual to adapt to the stressor

Answer 29

Secondary control strategies

Question 30

Agoston & Rudolph (2011) found that more effortful engagement for _________ predicts lower levels of depression.

Answer 30

girls

Question 31

Agoston & Rudolph (2011) found that for __________, effortful engagement lead to lower levels of depression, while for __________ higher levels of depression lead to lower levels of effortful engagement.

Answer 31

girls, boys