Study Guide For Exam 2 Flashcards
3 types of cells are?
- Archae
- Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
3 parts of cell theroy
- a cell is the smallest unit of life
- all living thing are made up of cells
- all cells arise from previous cells
How long ago did cells originate?
How long ago before we see the cells today?
3.5 billion years ago the 1st cell was discovored
2 million years ago we see the same cells as we see today
Halophies
extreme salt conditions
psycrophiles
extreme cold
acidophiles
low ph
Barophiles
extreme pressure
xerophiles
grow in very little water
Alkaphiles
high ph
Anaerobes
little o2
Facultative anerobes
w or w/o o2
Endolithes
rocky minerals
Thermophiles
high temps
What is apoptosis?
cell death, self defense mechanism
Where is the ATP produced?
Mitochondria
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6+O2->Energy+CO2+H2O
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
CO2+Energy+H2O->C6 H12 O6+O2
How many ATP total?
36
What are the steps of cellular respiration?
- Glycosis
- Krebs Cycle
- ETC
Where does glycosis take place?
Cytoplasm
Where does the krebs cycle take place?
mitochondia
where does ect take place?
mitochondria
How many ATP does Glycosis yeild?
2 ATP
How many ATP does Krebs Cycle yeild?
2 ATP
How many ATP does ETC produce?
32 ATP
Steps of Apoptosis
- Stimulus of cell internal/external
- organelle membranes begin to break down dna is exposed mitochondria leak out & stop energy production ER releases its calcium
- Activation of cytoplasmic enzymes destroy macromolecules riot within the cell enzymes attack one another
- cell itself will tear itself into chunks flopsasis enzyme will break up the cell
What is the 1st step of apoptosis?
Stimulus. Internal/External - Initiation
What is the 2nd step in apoptosis?
organelle membranes begin to breakdown, dna is exposed. mitochondria leak out & enhance apoptosis. stops energy production er releases its calcuim
3rd step of apoptosis?
activation of cytoplasmic enzymes
-distroy macromolecules
riot within the cell
enzymes attack eachother
What is the 4th step of apoptosis?
cell itself will tear itself into chunks flopsasis enzyme that breaks up the cell
Cytoplasm
fluid environment of the cell, maintains temperature, allows chemical reaction to occur.
What is cystol?
water and solutes
plasma membrane
physical boundary around the cell, controls interactions w/ enviroment
Nucleoid
region where dna is located
Ribosomes
Protein production sites non membrane bound organelle common in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Inclusion bodies
storage sites
cell wall
varys in density made of pepto glycan prevents the cell from overfilling
outer/externam membrane
used for attaching of surfaces
slime layer
mucus jelly used to attach to surfaces
flagella
tail like extensions of the cell whip back and forth to propel the cell
pili
many all over the cells surface used as attachment to exchange genetic info
What is AMP
Adenosine Mono Phosphate
What is ADP?
Adenosine DI Phosphate
What is ATP
Adenosine TRI Phosphate
