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Biology 101 > Study Guide For Exam 2 > Flashcards

Study Guide For Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

3 types of cells are?

A
  1. Archae
  2. Prokaryotes
  3. Eukaryotes
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1
Q

3 parts of cell theroy

A
  1. a cell is the smallest unit of life
  2. all living thing are made up of cells
  3. all cells arise from previous cells
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2
Q

How long ago did cells originate?

How long ago before we see the cells today?

A

3.5 billion years ago the 1st cell was discovored

2 million years ago we see the same cells as we see today

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3
Q

Halophies

A

extreme salt conditions

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4
Q

psycrophiles

A

extreme cold

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5
Q

acidophiles

A

low ph

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6
Q

Barophiles

A

extreme pressure

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7
Q

xerophiles

A

grow in very little water

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8
Q

Alkaphiles

A

high ph

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9
Q

Anaerobes

A

little o2

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10
Q

Facultative anerobes

A

w or w/o o2

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11
Q

Endolithes

A

rocky minerals

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12
Q

Thermophiles

A

high temps

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13
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

cell death, self defense mechanism

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14
Q

Where is the ATP produced?

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6 H12 O6+O2->Energy+CO2+H2O

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16
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

CO2+Energy+H2O->C6 H12 O6+O2

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17
Q

How many ATP total?

A

36

18
Q

What are the steps of cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycosis
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. ETC
19
Q

Where does glycosis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

20
Q

Where does the krebs cycle take place?

A

mitochondia

21
Q

where does ect take place?

A

mitochondria

22
Q

How many ATP does Glycosis yeild?

A

2 ATP

23
Q

How many ATP does Krebs Cycle yeild?

A

2 ATP

24
Q

How many ATP does ETC produce?

A

32 ATP

25
Q

Steps of Apoptosis

A
  1. Stimulus of cell internal/external
  2. organelle membranes begin to break down dna is exposed mitochondria leak out & stop energy production ER releases its calcium
  3. Activation of cytoplasmic enzymes destroy macromolecules riot within the cell enzymes attack one another
  4. cell itself will tear itself into chunks flopsasis enzyme will break up the cell
26
Q

What is the 1st step of apoptosis?

A

Stimulus. Internal/External - Initiation

27
Q

What is the 2nd step in apoptosis?

A

organelle membranes begin to breakdown, dna is exposed. mitochondria leak out & enhance apoptosis. stops energy production er releases its calcuim

28
Q

3rd step of apoptosis?

A

activation of cytoplasmic enzymes
-distroy macromolecules
riot within the cell
enzymes attack eachother

29
Q

What is the 4th step of apoptosis?

A

cell itself will tear itself into chunks flopsasis enzyme that breaks up the cell

30
Q

Cytoplasm

A

fluid environment of the cell, maintains temperature, allows chemical reaction to occur.

31
Q

What is cystol?

A

water and solutes

32
Q

plasma membrane

A

physical boundary around the cell, controls interactions w/ enviroment

33
Q

Nucleoid

A

region where dna is located

34
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein production sites non membrane bound organelle common in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

35
Q

Inclusion bodies

A

storage sites

36
Q

cell wall

A

varys in density made of pepto glycan prevents the cell from overfilling

37
Q

outer/externam membrane

A

used for attaching of surfaces

38
Q

slime layer

A

mucus jelly used to attach to surfaces

39
Q

flagella

A

tail like extensions of the cell whip back and forth to propel the cell

40
Q

pili

A

many all over the cells surface used as attachment to exchange genetic info

41
Q

What is AMP

A

Adenosine Mono Phosphate

42
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine DI Phosphate

43
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine TRI Phosphate

Biology 101 (21 decks)

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