RNA & Transcription Flashcards
Define Polyribosome..?
Multiple ribosomes using the same blueprint simultaneously.
Types of RNA are..
mRNA - Messenger RNA ((5% of cellular RNA))
tRNA - Transfer RNA ((21% of cellular RNA))
rRNA - Ribosomal RNA ((72% of cellular RNA))
Name the 3 Transcription parts..
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
Define Initiation
Proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences & Initiate transcription.
allow cells to pick out which genes will be transcripted
What do Enhancers do?
Enhance or promote the transcription.
What do Inhibitors do?
Block transcription
What is RNA Polymerase?
Similar to DNA Polymerase but requires less help
NO primase, liquase, helicase, gyrase.
What is Elongation?
RNA Polymerase create an RNA transcript only uses 1 strand of
DNA -> coding strand.
Name the two types of Protein Termination
- Protein Dependent
2. Protein Independent
Protein Dependent is..
Rho protein terminator.
Binds to DNA & physically stops polymerase. “road block”
Protein Independant
RNA transcription itself stops transcription
folds up & pulls itself free of polymerase
RNA Processing
Bacteria, termination is the end.
often times ribosomes begin translation while the mRNA is still being made.
What are Operons ?
Groups of genes transcribed as one giant product, then cut into individual pieces.
What are Introns?
Sequences that don’t belong in the protein.
What are Exons?
Sequences that do belong in the protein.
