Cellular Replication/Division Flashcards
Meiosis is copies of a cell or new cells?
New cells. “sex cells”
Every cell has part of the old & part new
Mitosis is new cells or copies of cells?
Copies. The same thing over & over.
What are Genes?
Sequences of nucleotides that code for specific products.
What are Chromosomes?
Collections of genes in a single larger structure.
What are Chromatin?
Complex of DNA w/ protein.
What are Euchromatin?
Lightly packed ends of a chromosome
What are Heterochromatin?
Heavily packed ends of a chromosome
What are Telomeres ?
they protect your dna & prevent from loss during the replication.
What is a Centromere ?
Anchor point
What is a Haploid?
1 copy of each gene
What is a Diploid?
2 copies of each gene
What is a Polyploid ?
Multiple copies of genes.
What is interphase?
A preparation for the events to come, not technically part of mitosis or meiosis.
What are the 4 parts of Interphase?
G0 - Gap 0
G1 - Gap 1
S - Synthesis
G2 - Gap 2
What is G0?
Resting place. not actively replicating cells can come & go some cells never leave nerve cells in the spine sensory cells in the ear
What is G1?
Organelles will double in #'s cell grows to be much larger in size stock pile materials check point of cell health -is the cell healthy/fit to divide? -will the environment support it?
What is S Synthesis?
DNA Replication making a 2nd copy extreme point of vulnrability genome is not usable during this process beyond this point the cell can not back out divides dies
What is G2?
Setting up for the machinery for mitosis and meiosis
produces extra proteins
check point for DNA integrity
DNA was copied correctly & has no glaring problems
What is the outcome of Mitosis?
2 Identical cells, Diploid cells.
What is the outcome of Meiosis?
4 non identical cells, Haploid cells.
What happens in Prophase?
Centrioles move toward opposite poles
symmetrically divide the cell
nuclear membrane breaks up.
chromosomes condense.
What happens in Metaphase?
Centrioles arrive at opposite poles.
extend spindle fibers across the cell.
chromosomes align at the metaphysical line (mid line)
What is the Anaphase?
Spindle fibers shorten
pulls sister chromatids to opposite poles
What happens in Telophase?
Undo prophase
nuclear membrane reforms
DNA becomes less condensed.
What is Cytokinesis?
Splitting of the cell body.
What is non dysjunction?
in meiosis failure to properly separate chromatids during anaphase
too many chromosomes or too few chromosomes
What is dosage inequalibility?
Amount of DNA is related to amount of product produced
