Cellular Replication/Division Flashcards

0
Q

Meiosis is copies of a cell or new cells?

A

New cells. “sex cells”

Every cell has part of the old & part new

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1
Q

Mitosis is new cells or copies of cells?

A

Copies. The same thing over & over.

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2
Q

What are Genes?

A

Sequences of nucleotides that code for specific products.

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3
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Collections of genes in a single larger structure.

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4
Q

What are Chromatin?

A

Complex of DNA w/ protein.

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5
Q

What are Euchromatin?

A

Lightly packed ends of a chromosome

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6
Q

What are Heterochromatin?

A

Heavily packed ends of a chromosome

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7
Q

What are Telomeres ?

A

they protect your dna & prevent from loss during the replication.

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8
Q

What is a Centromere ?

A

Anchor point

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9
Q

What is a Haploid?

A

1 copy of each gene

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10
Q

What is a Diploid?

A

2 copies of each gene

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11
Q

What is a Polyploid ?

A

Multiple copies of genes.

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12
Q

What is interphase?

A

A preparation for the events to come, not technically part of mitosis or meiosis.

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13
Q

What are the 4 parts of Interphase?

A

G0 - Gap 0
G1 - Gap 1
S - Synthesis
G2 - Gap 2

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14
Q

What is G0?

A
Resting place.
not actively replicating
cells can come & go
some cells never leave
nerve cells in the spine
sensory cells in the ear
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15
Q

What is G1?

A
Organelles will double in #'s
cell grows to be much larger in size
stock pile materials
check point of cell health
-is the cell healthy/fit to divide?
-will the environment support it?
16
Q

What is S Synthesis?

A
DNA Replication
making a 2nd copy
extreme point of vulnrability
genome is not usable during this process
beyond this point the cell can not back out
divides
dies
17
Q

What is G2?

A

Setting up for the machinery for mitosis and meiosis
produces extra proteins
check point for DNA integrity
DNA was copied correctly & has no glaring problems

18
Q

What is the outcome of Mitosis?

A

2 Identical cells, Diploid cells.

19
Q

What is the outcome of Meiosis?

A

4 non identical cells, Haploid cells.

20
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A

Centrioles move toward opposite poles
symmetrically divide the cell
nuclear membrane breaks up.
chromosomes condense.

21
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

Centrioles arrive at opposite poles.
extend spindle fibers across the cell.
chromosomes align at the metaphysical line (mid line)

22
Q

What is the Anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers shorten

pulls sister chromatids to opposite poles

23
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

Undo prophase
nuclear membrane reforms
DNA becomes less condensed.

24
What is Cytokinesis?
Splitting of the cell body.
25
What is non dysjunction?
in meiosis failure to properly separate chromatids during anaphase too many chromosomes or too few chromosomes
26
What is dosage inequalibility?
Amount of DNA is related to amount of product produced