Nucleic Acids

Question 0

How many categories of Nucleic Acid are there?

Answer 0

2.

DNA/RNA

Question 1

What are Nucleic Acids?

Answer 1

Building blocks of genetic material

informational library of every organism.

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

DeoxyriboNucleicAcid

Question 3

What does DNA do?

Answer 3

Stores infromation.

Question 4

What is RNA?

Answer 4

RiboNucleicAcid

Question 5

What does RNA do?

Answer 5

Intermediate molecule between DNA & protien

Question 6

What are Nucleosides?

Answer 6

Carbon macromolecules in a ring structure.

Question 7

Name the 5 common Nucleosides

Answer 7

Uracil
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

Question 8

DNA composition:

Answer 8

Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
(NO URACIL)

Question 9

How many common Nucleosides in a ring structure?

Answer 9

5

Uracil, Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine.

Question 10

RNA Composition:

Answer 10

Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
NO Thymine

Question 11

What does RNA NOT have?

Answer 11

Thymine

Question 12

What does DNA NOT have?

Answer 12

Uracil

Question 13

Name the DNA/RNA pairings:

Answer 13

AT : TA
GC : CG
UT : TU

Question 14

How many Hydrogen bonds does A:T make?

Answer 14

Adenine & Thymine make 2 hydrogen bonds

Question 15

How many hydrogen bonds do G:C make?

Answer 15

Guanine & Cytosine make up 3 hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

What do A:T together make?

Answer 16

Access point to our DNA.

Bonding to create a nucleic acid backbone

Question 17

What is the DNA strands called?

Answer 17

Alpha Helical Structure.

Question 18

list the levels of genetic organizations

Answer 18

1. Nucleotides - Individual Subunits (letters)
2. Codon - 3 letter groupings of nucleotides. Indicate specific amino acids. (words)
3. Genes - Multiple codons grouped together in a single structure. (sentance/paragraph)
4. Chromosomes - Multiple genes grouped together in a single structure. (book)
5. Genome - All the genetic information for that organism. (library)

Question 19

Name the two different Levels (kinds) of Chromosomes structure.

Answer 19

1. Circular Chromosomes

2. Linear Chromosomes

Question 20

Describe circular chromosomes

Answer 20

simple, no "garbage" dna
begin usually where they end
usually small
~ 2000 genes
(example: Bacterial chromosomes - mitochondrial dna)

Question 21

Describe linear chromosomes

Answer 21

simple or complex, can contain alot of “garbage” dna
can be quite large
beginning point & distinct end point.
tend to be very highly complexed w/ proteins.
(Example: Human chromosomes)
~ 25,000 genes
alot of garbage dna codes for nothing

Question 22

What are Plasmids?

Answer 22

Miniature chromosomes.
most often used by bacteria
contain at least one beneficial gene
antibiotic resistance
can be shared between between bacteria
helps the bacteria to survive

Question 23

What are viruses?

Answer 23

Hijack cells to produce more viruses.
Genetic code that allows for invasion of a cell
conversion of a cell, killing of a cell.

Question 24

What do Lytic Viruses do?

Answer 24

Infect a host cell
convert it to a viral factory
ultimately kill the cell & move on

Question 25

What do Lysogenic Viruses do?

Answer 25

Infect a host cell
insert its viral DNA in host genome
goes dormant
some stimulus will cause it to leave genome & enter the lytic cycle