Into to Biology/Chemistry Flashcards
List the seven steps of the scientific method.
- Observation
- Ask a question
- Form a Hypothesis
- Consult existing information
- Design an experiment to test your hypothesis
- Collect data
- Draw a conclusion (accept or reject your hypothesis)
What is Science?
An attempt to describe/define our world. From the smallest particle to the largest organism.
What are variables?
Parts of the experimental enviroment
What are Controlled variables?
Variables that stay the same between experiments.
What are Dependent variables?
Variables thats Outcome is changed by the Independent variable
What are Independent variables?
The variable that the scientist is manipulating
What are the two rules of an experiment in order for it to be considered validated data?
- It has to be Repeatable by the experimenter (x3)
2. It has to be Reproducible by others given the same materials
What are the 3 Considerations of experimental design?
When designing an experiment what are 3 good things to concider?
- Is it Nessesary? (What will be the Advancement?)
- Is it Feasible? (Is this Reasonable to try?)
- Is it Ethical? (Is it within the social convictions of the time?)
What are model organisms?
Organisms used in place of preferred organisms that usually are cheaper, easier & more ethical to use.
What are some common model organisms?
Bacteria, Drophila, Mus Musculus
What is Drophila?
Fruit flys
Are Bacteria Procaryotes or Eucaryotes?
Procaryotes
What is Mus Musculus?
A common house mouse
What are Procaryotes?
Single celled organisms
What are Eucaryotes?
Multicellular Mammals
What are the benefits of Bacteria?
They reproduce rapidly (x1/hr)
Small, cheap, easy to use.
don’t require much room to grow
we understand their genetics
What are the disadvantages of bacteria?
Not directly comparable to Eucaryotes.
What does Bacteria require to survive?
37*C & a nutrient broth
What do Drophila require to survive?
Constant controlled temperature & nutrient broth
What are the benefits of using Drophila?
quick reproduction rate, sexually reproduce, small, cheap, we understand their genetics.
What are the disadvantages of Drophila?
small, mobil easy to lose, limited applications to humans
What are the benefits of Mus Musculus?
Quick production rate, smallish, dont require a ton of care, we understand their genetics.
What are the disadvantages of Mus Muculus?
Ethics, can be a bit more costly, have to take care of them
What makes up a Nuculus?
Proton + Neutron
What is an Orbital?
Circular orbit view of electrons (representative model) (section)
What is an electron cloud?
It shows the behavior of electrons. Full 3D model
How many Electrons can the first orbital hold?
A maximum of 2 Electrons
How many Electrons can the Subsequent orbital hold?
A maximum of 8.
What are Ionic Bonds?
Somewhat strong, not too stabile.
Positively charged atoms are attached to negatively charged atoms.
They go together simply because opposites attract.
Subsequent, superficial no not last very long
Hydrogen Bonds?
Weakest bonds. Short lived. They make up for this w/ #’s & strength.
Blending of Covenant & Ionic Bonds
