Structure & Function of the Vasculature

Question 1

Describe the composition of the tunica intima.

Answer 1

Single layer endothelium

Question 2

Describe the composition of the tunica media.

Answer 2

Thick, elastic proteins

Question 3

Describe the composition of the serosa adventita.

Answer 3

Acellular, glycosylated collagen & fibers

Question 4

What is the equation for compliance?

Answer 4

C = (deltaV) / (deltaP)

Question 5

What is the equation for pulse pressure?

Answer 5

PP = SBP - DBP

Question 6

What is pulse wave velocity a measure of?

Answer 6

It is a measure of arterial resistance

Question 7

What factors contribute to the good exchange capability of capillaries?

Answer 7

1) large surface area
2) short diffusion distance
3) slow flow

Question 8

What are the types of transcytosis?

Answer 8

1) clarithrin-dependent receptor binding

2) caveolae system

Question 9

Describe the characteristics of the plasmalemma associated with the caveolae system.

Answer 9

Highly enriched in…

1) caveolin
2) phsopholipid
3) sphingolipid
4) cholesterol

Question 10

How are arterioles regulated?

Answer 10

SNS innervation

Question 11

What kinds of molecules use diffusion to cross membrane?

Answer 11

Lipid & water soluble molecules

water-soluble things must use pores!

Question 12

Define bulk flow of substance out of capillaries.

Answer 12

The free flow of H2O & solutes through the intracellular cleft to maintain normal blood volume

Question 13

What is a rivulet?

Answer 13

A pool of water in the extracellular space

Question 14

What is the Starling Pc term?

Answer 14

capillary pressure

Question 15

What is the starling (PI)ip term?

Answer 15

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 16

What is the starling (PI)if term?

Answer 16

interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Question 17

What is the starling Kf term?

Answer 17

Capillary filtration coefficient

Question 18

What is the filtration equation?

Answer 18

Filtration = NFP * Kf

Question 19

How does Kf vary / how is it regulated across tissues?

Answer 19

1) # of pores
2) size of pores
3) # of perfused capillaries

Question 20

What starling terms are constant at arterial & venous ends of capillaries?

Answer 20

(PI)ip
(PI)if
Pif

Question 21

What is the capillary pressure @ the arterial end of a capillary?

Answer 21

30 mmHg

Question 22

What is the capillary pressure @ the venous end of a capillary?

Answer 22

10 mmHg

Question 23

What is the net outward force at the arterial end of a capillary?

Answer 23

13 mmHg

Question 24

What is the net inward force at the venous end of the capillary?

Answer 24

7 mmHg

Question 25

What is the mean capillary pressure?

Answer 25

17.3 mmHg

Question 26

What is the net outward force along the entire capillary (average)

Answer 26

0.3 mmHg

Question 27

How does capillary permeability vary in brain, liver, kidney, & GI?

Answer 27

Brain: very tight liver, kidney: very leaky GI: compromise--allows nutrient flux w/o pathogen entry

Question 28

How is vascular tone regulated?

Answer 28

SNS & delayed compliance

Question 29

What factors influence venous return?

Answer 29

1) skeletal muscle pump 2) respiratory pump 3) sympathetic activity