Block 2b Pulmonary Ventilation Flashcards
What size particles precipitate in the nose, trachea, and bronchi?
particles greater than 6 um
What structures make up the respiratory zone?
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct, alveolar sac
What structures make up the conducting zone?
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
What is the function of the conducting zone?
warm, humidify, & filter inspired air
What size particles precipitate / are filtered in the respiratory bronchioles?
1-5 um
What size particles precipitate / are filtered in the alveoli?
less than 0.5 um
How are alveolar particles removed?
macrophages
Describe the general composition of the conducting zone?
thick mucus & ciliated cells
Describe the general composition of the respiraotry zone?
thin lung surfactant ,thinner cells, no cilia; dendritic cells & macrophages
What substances cause bronchiolar constriction?
histamine, slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis, & irritants
How are the cough & nasal sneeze reflexes afferently transmitted to the brain?
via the vagus nerve (CN5 if sneeze) to the medulla
function of ciliated columnar cells
mucous movement
function of ciliary cells
periciliary fluid secretion
function of clara cells
surfactant & metabolism
function of basal cells
ciliated & goblet cell progenitor ONLY in trachea & bronchus
function of neuroendocrine cells
chemoreceptor & paracrine function
function of Alveolar Type I cells?
alveolar gas exchange
function of alveolar type II cells
surfactant production
What are the expiratory muscles?
abdominals & internal intercostals
What are the inspiratory muscles?
external intercostals
Define transpulmonary pressure?
alveolar pressure less pleural pressure
What are the axes of the compliance diagram of the lungs?
change in lung volume vs. pleural pressure
What components make up the elastic forces in the lung?
surface tension (66%), collagen & elastin (33%)
What are the components of surfactant?
10% protein, 90% phospholipids (primarily dipalmitoylphasphatidylcholine, also unsatured p-choline, p-glycerol, p-linositol, p-serine, p-ethanolamine, sphingomyelin, other lipis)
