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Drew 921 > 4_7PregnancyParturition > Flashcards

4_7PregnancyParturition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components to the polyspermy blockade?

A

fast block and slow block

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2
Q

What occurs during the fast block to polyspermy

A

Ca influx through granulosa membrane

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3
Q

What occurs during the slow block to polyspermy

A

exocytosis releases multiple cortical granules to harden zona surface

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4
Q

How many cells in a zygote?

A

2

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5
Q

How many cells in a blastocyst?

A

100

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6
Q

When does the blastocyste reach the uterus?

A

day 5

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7
Q

When does the blastocyst implant

A

day 7

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8
Q

What is required for ciliary beating and ovum transport?

A

progesterone

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9
Q

What is decidua?

A

uterine epithelial secretions containing lipid and glycogen

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10
Q

When does the transition to placental nutrition occur?

A

week 10

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11
Q

How does the placenta account for increased nutrient demand with increasing duration of pregnancy?

A

increase Pe (larger SA, smaller h of membrane)

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12
Q

maternal PO2 in placenta

A

50 mmHg

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13
Q

fetal pO2 in placenta

A

30 mmHg

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14
Q

What factors cause a right-shift in the Hb O2 saturation curve?

A

H, CO2, T, BPG

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15
Q

What is BPG?

A

a metabolic byproduct that the baby doesn’t have

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16
Q

What is the double bohr effect?

A

effects on Mom’s Hb (lower affinity) and fetal Hb (higher affinity) increase O2 transfer

17
Q

What nutrients diffuse down the concentration gradient to the fetus?

A

1) glucose, 2) K, 3) Na, 4) Cl, 5) FA’s (soluble)

18
Q

What waste products diffuse down concentration gradient?

A

CO2, urea, creatinine

19
Q

What hormones does the embryo secrete?

A

hCG

20
Q

What hormones does the placenta secrete?

A

estrogens, progesterone, hCS

21
Q

What is the function of estrogens?

A

uterus growth, breast development, pelvic ligament relaxation

22
Q

What are the effects of placental progesterones?

A

breast development, uterine smooth muscle hyperplasia

23
Q

What are the functions of hCS?

A

1) breast development, 2) weak GH-like effects on fetus, 3) maternal insulin resistance

24
Q

What are mom’s responses to pregnancy?

A

1) BMR up 15%, 2) increased RR, 3) protein, Ca, PO4, Fe storage early, 4) increased BV and CO, 5) formation of amniotic fluid

25
Q

What vitamins/minerals should be given to mom as supplement?

A

Ca, PO4, Fe, K, D, folate

26
Q

Describe electrolyte and water turnover in amniotic fluid.

A

Na/K replaced q15h; H2O q3h

27
Q

How is amniotic fluid formed?

A

generated mainly from fetal kidney

28
Q

What are the 3 components of labor?

A

1) Braxton-Hicks contractions; 2) positive feedback loop; 3) separation of the placenta

29
Q

What is the usual amount of blood lost in delivery?

A

350 mL

30
Q

Describe the positive feedback loop in labor?

A

cervical stretching = more excitable uterus; cycle broken when cervix relaxes after birth

31
Q

What factors stimulate birth?

A

1) excitable uterus (more E2 than P4; upregulation of OT receptors; more OT secretion + fetal PGF2alpha); 2) mechanical stretch (myogenic response due to uterine muscle stretch, cervical stretch)

32
Q

What is relaxin?

A

a hormone from the corpus luteum that is structurally similar to insulin; serves to soften pubic symphysis

33
Q

What are the symptoms of preeclampsia?

A

1) increased BP due to Na/H2O retention; 2) proteinuria; 3) arterial spasm

34
Q

What is ecclampsia?

A

a severe form of preeclampsia late in pregnancy that can cause convulsions and coma

35
Q

How is ecclampsia treated?

A

vasodilation and delivery

36
Q

What are the risk factors for preeclampsia?

A

1) previous preeclampsia, 2) obesity, 3) HTN, 4) 40+ yo, 5) antiphospholipid syndrome

37
Q

What are the causes of preeclampsia?

A

ROS leading to increased BP: 1) impaired trophoblast differentiation early in term; or, 2) microvillus overcrowding in the placenta

38
Q

What is the function of embryonic hCG?

A

1) maternal recognition of pregnancy, 2) support corpus luteum to maintain progesterone

Drew 921 (33 decks)

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