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Drew 921 > Block 2b Erythrocytes > Flashcards

Block 2b Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Give dimensions of a RBC.

A

7.8 x 2.5 microns; 1 micron at center

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2
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

fraction of blood volume taken up by RBCs

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3
Q

What is a normal adult Hct?

A

0.4 - 0.45

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4
Q

What is normal hematocrit in a neonate?

A

0.65

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5
Q

Normal RBC concentration in blood?

A

4.7 - 5.2 x 10^6 cells/uL

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6
Q

Which long bones produce RBCs?

A

tibia & femur

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7
Q

which bones produce RBCs in adults?

A

vertebrae, sternum, rib

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8
Q

When do long bones cease RBC production?

A

20 years old

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9
Q

What does pluripotent mean?

A

cell type that can differentiate into a LIMITED number of cell types

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10
Q

What does totipotent mean?

A

cell type that can differentiate into ANY cell type

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11
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

decreased RBC concentration caused by failure to absorb B12

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12
Q

What dietary elements are required for RBC production?

A

B12, folate

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13
Q

Where is EPO released?

A

kidney

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14
Q

What is the stimulus for EPO release?

A

hypoxic tissue

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15
Q

What is the effect of EPO and what is the timeframe of its effect?

A

hematopoiesis over period of days

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16
Q

What cell type does EPO drive production of?

A

proerythrocytes

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17
Q

What polypeptides make up HbA?

A

2 alpha, 2 beta

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18
Q

What are the polypeptide chains that can make up Hb?

A

alpha, beta, gamma, delta

19
Q

What constitutes a polypeptide “chain” in Hb?

A

polypeptide + heme

20
Q

How many iron atoms are contained in 1 Hb?

A

4

21
Q

How is iron degraded?

A

Kupffer cells in liver degrade Hb to Fe + bilirubin; lost in blood & feces

22
Q

How is iron sequestered in cells?

A

ferritin

23
Q

How is iron sequestered in the blood?

A

transferrin

24
Q

Where does transferrin act?

A

plasma and intestines

25
Q

How is iron absorbed?

A

binds apotransferrin (from bile) to form transferrin, which enters intestinal epithelium thru the transferrin receptor

26
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days in the plasma

27
Q

What is aplastic anemia?

A

anemia caused by loss of bone marrow

28
Q

What is megablastic anemia?

A

anemia caused by misshapen RBCs via B12 or folate deficiency

29
Q

What is hemolytic anemia?

A

anemia caused by fragile RBCs (sickle, erythroblastosis fetalis, spherocytosis)

30
Q

What is polychthemia vera?

A

failure to suprress RBC production leading to increases in BV and plasma colloid osmotic pressure

31
Q

What scenarios can cause polycythemia?

A

primary scenario (adaptive response to altitude, cardiac failure), polycythemia vera, or EPO

32
Q

What are functions of RBCs?

A

transport of Hb, blood buffering

33
Q

What are the types of signaling molecules that may act on PHSCs?

A

growth inducers and differentiation inducers

34
Q

What is the effect of a growth inducer signaling molecule?

A

promotes clonal expansion of committed cells

35
Q

What is the effect of a differentiation inducer as a signaling molecule?

A

drives pluripotent stem cells to committed cells

36
Q

What is an example of a growth inducer?

A

Il-3

37
Q

What cell types can PHSCs differentiate to?

A

CFU-S (spleen); or lymphoid stem cell

38
Q

CFU-S cells are precursors to these cells:

A

CFU-blast, CFU-GM, CFU-M (innate immunity cells & RBCs)

39
Q

CFU-blasts go on to produce:

A

proerythrocytes

40
Q

How do proerythrocytes change to produce an RBC?

A

1) nucleus condensed and extruded, 2) ER and Golgi resorbed over 48 hours, 3) RBC leaves bone marrow

41
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

42
Q

From what cell type are platelets formed?

A

megakaryocytes

43
Q

From what cell type are macrocytes formed?

A

monocytes

Drew 921 (33 decks)

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