Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drew 921 > Control of Tissue Blood Flow > Flashcards

Control of Tissue Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What organs have alpha-1 receptors?

A

GI, skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What organs have beta-2 receptors?

A

skeletal & coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of receptors do cerebral arteries have?

A

THEY DO NOT RESPOND TO NEURAL/ENDOCRINE CONTROL. only local.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What contribution does the PNS make to neural control of tissue blood flow?

A

Vasodilation & secretion of the salivary gland through VIP & ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What compounds have effects as hormones to control tissue blood flow?

A

1) epinephrine
2) AngII
3) ADH/Vasopressin
4) Bradykinin
5) Histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does AngII affect tissue blood flow?

A

directly causes smooth muscle vasoconstriction

–> increase TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does ADH affect tissue blood flow?

A

causes vasoconstriction & water/salt retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does bradykinin affect tissue blood flow?

A

causes vasodilation & increased capillary permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does histamine affect tissue blood flow?

A

vasodilation & increased capillary permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cells release histamine?

A

mast cells & basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are mast cell located?

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where are basophils located?

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How bradykinin activated?

A

1) lysis/inflammation –> kallikrein activation
2) kallikrein: a2-globulin –>kallidin
3) kallidin –> bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is bradykinin inactivated?

A

carboxypeptidase or ACE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two theories for local control of tissue blood flow?

A

1) vasodilator

2) nutrient/o2-lacking theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the vasodilator theory of local control?

A

increased metabolism –> vasodilator production

vasodilators: adenosine, histamine, H+, CO2

17
Q

Describe the nutrient/O2 lacking theory.

A

1) Decreased flow –> O2/nutrient depletion

2) inability of vessels to contract, so they relax

18
Q

Define autoregulation.

A

acute increase in P will increase Q, but Q returns to normal within a range of P’s

19
Q

What are the 2 theories for autoregulation?

A

Metabolic & Myogenic

20
Q

Describe the myogenic theory for autoregulation.

A

Vascular smooth muscle contracts due to stress-activated channels

21
Q

Describe the metabolic theory for autoregulation.

A

Increased o2 + nutrients –> contraction

22
Q

When is endothelin released?

A

endothelium releases endothelIN due to damage to prevent blood loss

23
Q

What are the consequences of endothelin in HTN?

A

may cause additional vasoconstriction

24
Q

How are endothelin receptors used in drug therapy?

A

endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary HTN

25
Q

What is the primary form of regulation for cerebral arteries?

A

local control

26
Q

How does local regulation play into the overall regulation in cardiac & skeletal muscle?

A

local can override SNS in cardiac/skeletal muscle.

27
Q

What are other effects of EDRF / NO?

A

1) inhibition of leukocyte adhesion (infection)
2) inhibition of platelet adhesion (thrombus)
3) inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation (atherosclerosis)

28
Q

How is eNOS activated?

A

shear stress activation of clarithrin receptor

29
Q

What reaction does eNOS catalyze?

A

O2 + L-arginine –> NO + L-citrulline

30
Q

How does NO promote vascular relaxation?

A

1) NO diffuses to smooth muscle, activates soluble guanylate cyclase
2) SGC: GTP –> cGMP to activate PKG
cGMP promotes relaxation

31
Q

How is cGMP inactivated?

A

Phosphodiesterases

32
Q

How is Viagra used to promote vascular relaxation?

A

prevents PDE-5 from inactivating cGMP

33
Q

How is the need for neovascularization determined?

A

determined by MAX (not average) required blood flow to overcome a given hypoxia

34
Q

How do tumor cells promote vascularization?

A

1) tumor cells release signal to cause change in cell type
2) perivascular cells detach & remodel
3) angiogenic/inflammatory stimuli attract other cells
- - platelets, endothelial progenitor cells, myeloid cells

35
Q

Why does angiogenesis continue in a neoplasia?

A

Tumor angiogenesis does not improve hypoxic environment.

Vessels are leaky & tumor is poorly perfused

Drew 921 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions