Block 2b Innate Immunity

Question 1

What is the concentration of leukocytes?

Answer 1

7000 / uL

Question 2

What is the most common leukocyte?

Answer 2

neutrophil

Question 3

What are the types of leukocytes?

Answer 3

1) neutrophils 2) eosinophils 3) basophils 4) monoctes 5) lymphocytes 6) plasma cells 7) platelets

Question 4

What is the second most common leukocyte and its concentration?

Answer 4

Lymphocytes (30%)

Question 5

From what are platelets derived?

Answer 5

fragments of megakaryocytes

Question 6

What substances do basophils secrete?

Answer 6

histamine, bradykinin, serotonin

Question 7

What chemotactic substances yield neutrophil attraction?

Answer 7

cytokines (MCP-1), prostanoids, metabolites, ATP

Question 8

How do neutrophils act on pathogens?

Answer 8

phagocytosis

Question 9

What is the first line of defense?

Answer 9

Resident Macrophages

Question 10

What is the 2nd line of defense?

Answer 10

Neutrophils

Question 11

What is the 3rd line of defense?

Answer 11

2nd macrophage invasion

Question 12

What is the 4th line of defense?

Answer 12

granulocyte/monocyte proliferation

Question 13

What are the 4 lines of defense?

Answer 13

1) resident macrophages 2) neutrophils 3) second macrophage invasion 4) granulocyte / monocyte production

Question 14

What are the effects of TGF-beta1?

Answer 14

fibrogenesis

Question 15

What is the effect of MCP-1?

Answer 15

chemotaxis & chemoattraction

Question 16

What are the effects of MMP-2?

Answer 16

matrix degradation

Question 17

What are the effects of PDGF?

Answer 17

proliferation

Question 18

What molecules do the resident macrophages release when activated?

Answer 18

TGF-beta1, MCP-1, MMP-2, PDGF

Question 19

How is the process of margination defined?

Answer 19

attachment to the capillary endothelium

Question 20

How does margination occur between neutrophils & capillary endothelium?

Answer 20

ICAM & selectin are expressed on endothelial cells to bind neutrophil receptors

Question 21

How long does the maturation of macrophages take?

Answer 21

8 hours

Question 22

How much time passes between macrophage proliferation to becoming the prevalent phagocytic cell type in the innate immune response?

Answer 22

days - weeks

Question 23

What cell types if most relevant in chronic inflammation?

Answer 23

macrophages

Question 24

What are the components of pus?

Answer 24

dead pathogens, leukocytes, tissue fluid

Question 25

What are the known chemical causes of leukopenia?

Answer 25

1) radiation 2) benzene 3) anthracene 4) chloramphenicol 5) thiouracil

Question 26

What is lymphocytic leukemia?

Answer 26

cancer of the lymphoid cells that usually starts in a lymph node

Question 27

What is myelogenous leukemia?

Answer 27

cancer of the lymphoid cells in the bone marrow

Question 28

What type of myelogenous leukemia is most acute?

Answer 28

leukemia of undifferentiated cells rather than committed cells

Question 29

What type of leukemia is an example of myelogenous leukemia of a committed cell type?

Answer 29

neutrophilic leukemia

Question 30

where do kupffer cells reside?

Answer 30

liver sinusoids

Question 31

Describe splenic circulation

Answer 31

porous capillaries --> splenic pulp --> trabeculae w/ macrophages --> venous sinuses --> vein

Question 32

How is spleen different from lymph node?

Answer 32

spleen samples blood

Question 33

Describe lymph node circulation?

Answer 33

afferent --> macrophages --> efferent lymphatic

Question 34

What does lymph contain?

Answer 34

particles too large to enter capillaries

Question 35

What cells are part of the RES?

Answer 35

1) monocytes 2) mobile/resident macrophages 3) specialized endothelial cells of marrow, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 36

What oxidation reactants are produced in a lysosome?

Answer 36

superoxide | peroxide hypochlorite

Question 37

What cells perform phagocytosis?

Answer 37

neutrophils & macrophages

Question 38

Which cells are activated by IgE in allergy?

Answer 38

eosinophils

Question 39

How do eosinphils kill?

Answer 39

lytic enzymes or ROS

Question 40

Which leukocyte is important in viral / yeast/ parasitic infections?

Answer 40

eosinophils