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Drew 921 > Block 2b Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Block 2b Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the concentration of leukocytes?

A

7000 / uL

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2
Q

What is the most common leukocyte?

A

neutrophil

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3
Q

What are the types of leukocytes?

A

1) neutrophils 2) eosinophils 3) basophils 4) monoctes 5) lymphocytes 6) plasma cells 7) platelets

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4
Q

What is the second most common leukocyte and its concentration?

A

Lymphocytes (30%)

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5
Q

From what are platelets derived?

A

fragments of megakaryocytes

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6
Q

What substances do basophils secrete?

A

histamine, bradykinin, serotonin

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7
Q

What chemotactic substances yield neutrophil attraction?

A

cytokines (MCP-1), prostanoids, metabolites, ATP

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8
Q

How do neutrophils act on pathogens?

A

phagocytosis

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9
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

Resident Macrophages

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10
Q

What is the 2nd line of defense?

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q

What is the 3rd line of defense?

A

2nd macrophage invasion

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12
Q

What is the 4th line of defense?

A

granulocyte/monocyte proliferation

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13
Q

What are the 4 lines of defense?

A

1) resident macrophages 2) neutrophils 3) second macrophage invasion 4) granulocyte / monocyte production

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14
Q

What are the effects of TGF-beta1?

A

fibrogenesis

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15
Q

What is the effect of MCP-1?

A

chemotaxis & chemoattraction

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16
Q

What are the effects of MMP-2?

A

matrix degradation

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17
Q

What are the effects of PDGF?

A

proliferation

18
Q

What molecules do the resident macrophages release when activated?

A

TGF-beta1, MCP-1, MMP-2, PDGF

19
Q

How is the process of margination defined?

A

attachment to the capillary endothelium

20
Q

How does margination occur between neutrophils & capillary endothelium?

A

ICAM & selectin are expressed on endothelial cells to bind neutrophil receptors

21
Q

How long does the maturation of macrophages take?

A

8 hours

22
Q

How much time passes between macrophage proliferation to becoming the prevalent phagocytic cell type in the innate immune response?

A

days - weeks

23
Q

What cell types if most relevant in chronic inflammation?

A

macrophages

24
Q

What are the components of pus?

A

dead pathogens, leukocytes, tissue fluid

25
Q

What are the known chemical causes of leukopenia?

A

1) radiation 2) benzene 3) anthracene 4) chloramphenicol 5) thiouracil

26
Q

What is lymphocytic leukemia?

A

cancer of the lymphoid cells that usually starts in a lymph node

27
Q

What is myelogenous leukemia?

A

cancer of the lymphoid cells in the bone marrow

28
Q

What type of myelogenous leukemia is most acute?

A

leukemia of undifferentiated cells rather than committed cells

29
Q

What type of leukemia is an example of myelogenous leukemia of a committed cell type?

A

neutrophilic leukemia

30
Q

where do kupffer cells reside?

A

liver sinusoids

31
Q

Describe splenic circulation

A

porous capillaries –> splenic pulp –> trabeculae w/ macrophages –> venous sinuses –> vein

32
Q

How is spleen different from lymph node?

A

spleen samples blood

33
Q

Describe lymph node circulation?

A

afferent –> macrophages –> efferent lymphatic

34
Q

What does lymph contain?

A

particles too large to enter capillaries

35
Q

What cells are part of the RES?

A

1) monocytes
2) mobile/resident macrophages
3) specialized endothelial cells of marrow, spleen, lymph nodes

36
Q

What oxidation reactants are produced in a lysosome?

A

superoxide

peroxide hypochlorite

37
Q

What cells perform phagocytosis?

A

neutrophils & macrophages

38
Q

Which cells are activated by IgE in allergy?

A

eosinophils

39
Q

How do eosinphils kill?

A

lytic enzymes or ROS

40
Q

Which leukocyte is important in viral / yeast/ parasitic infections?

A

eosinophils

Drew 921 (33 decks)

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