Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drew 921 > 4_8LactationNeonatal > Flashcards

4_8LactationNeonatal Flashcards

1
Q

What factors cause neonate hypoxia during/after delivery?

A

1) general anesthetics, 2) umbilical compression; 3) premature placental separation; 4) contractions that restrict blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long can a newborn go without a breath?

A

10 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the bypasses present in the fetal circulation?

A

1) ductus venosus; 2) foramen ovale; 3) ductus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ductus venosus

A

liver bypass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

shunts RA to LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the ducturs arteriousus?

A

shunts pulmonary artery to aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is fetal thermoregulation poor?

A

poor establishment of neural control; hi SA:V ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

appearance, grimace, pulse, activity, respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does APGAR measure at 1 minute?

A

tolerance to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does APGAR measure at 5 minutes?

A

adapation to extra-uterine environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is associated with a low APGAR score?

A

1) c-section; 2) difficult labor; 3) fluid in airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What APGAR score needs medical attention

A

less than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What APGAR score means healthy baby?

A

7 to 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What weight loss is expected after delivery?

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long do a baby’s nutrition stores last?

A

glycogen = 3 hours; fats, protein = 2-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What nutreitns are critical to the infant and are also found in mom’s milk?

A

D, C, Fe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cholostrum?

A

leukocytes and macrophages in early secretions of breast milk at the end of pregnancy for GI protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What elements of passive immunity are passed from mom?

A

1) IgA, 2) lysozyme, 3) lactoferrin, 4) cholostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does a baby start producing immunoglobulins?

A

IgA at 3 months; IgG at 6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes respiratory distress syndrome?

A

decreased pulmonary surfactant, common in premature babies

21
Q

What causes patent ductus arteriosus?

A

ductus arteriousus fails to close

22
Q

How is patent ductus arteriosus treated?

A

prostanoids to close

23
Q

How is neonatal jaundice treated?

A

photooxidation to increase solubiliy; blood transfusion if severe

24
Q

What are the differences between human and cow milk?

A

humans have more lactose; cows have more casein, albumin, ash

25
Q

How is PRL secreted?

A

from pituitary in pulses of 10-20x basal [PRL] with suckling (pulses necessary to maintain lactation response)

26
Q

How is PRL inhibited?

A

PIH from HT

27
Q

How is milk fat synthesized?

A

in ER to form membrane-bound lipid droplets

28
Q

How is milk protein synthesized

A

in vacuoles and exocytosed

29
Q

What factors determine the amount of milk secreted?

A

frequency, duration and intensity of suckling

30
Q

What determines basal [PRL]?

A

suckling frequency

31
Q

What determines PRL burst strength?

A

strength and duration of suckling

32
Q

How long does a PRL burst stay at high concentration?

A

1 hour

33
Q

What factors can stimulate milk letdown, and what can inhibit?

A

handling baby and crying; stress

34
Q

Describe milk ejection.

A

only upon suckling: 1) HT release of oxytocin; 2) oxytocin dis-inhibits PRL; 3) alveolar myoepithelium contracts

35
Q

How long for milk to flow after initation of suckling?

A

30 seconds to 1 minute

36
Q

How long after birth does normal reproduction occur and why?

A

3-6 months; PRL suppresses initiation of GnRH/FSH/LH

37
Q

What hormones are involved in the lactogenic response and what are their effects?

A

1) E2/P4 (inhibit milk secretion); 2) GH, cortisol, PTH, insulin (required for milk constituents); hCS

38
Q

What is a lobule?

A

cluster of alveoli/acini opening into milk ducts and then larger ducts

39
Q

What are alveoli?

A

structures containing milk-secreting epithelium

40
Q

What is a lactiferous sinus?

A

milk reservoirs that open up onto nipple

41
Q

How is immunity passed to the placenta?

A

antibodies can cross

42
Q

When does a baby walk alone?

A

12 months

43
Q

When does a baby crawl?

A

7 months

44
Q

When does a baby have head control

A

3 months

45
Q

Describe bilirubin production in the neonate

A

increases from 1-5 mg/dL due to compromised liver function

46
Q

What is physiological jaundice

A

normal elevation of unconjugated bilirubin in the healthy neonate

47
Q

What are causes of hyperbilirubinemia?

A

1) congenital enzyme defect; 2) structural RBC defect; 3) polycythemia; 4) hematoma; 5) Gilber’s; 6) Crigler-Najjar

48
Q

What is gilbert’s syndrome?

A

reduced hepatic uptake of bilirubin

49
Q

What is crigler-najjar syndrome?

A

reduced hepatic conjugation of bilirubin

Drew 921 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions