Stroke Flashcards
What is a stroke?
Neurological deficit related to a vascular event
What is the most likely cause of brain injury?
75% infarction
20% Haemorrhages
5% Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
What is a cerebral infarction due to?
Hypoperfusion or vessel occlusion (normally arterial)
WHat type of event is more likely to happen in small arteries?
Thrombus
WHat type of event is more likely to happen in large arteries?
Embolous
In order for a venous clot to reach the brain what must be present?
Patent Interatrial Septum (1/3 people)
What is a vasogenic oedema?
Extracelullar [] of fluid due to disruption of BBB and increased vascular permeability. Responsive to roids and pressure manipulation
Cytotoxic Oedema is…
Increased intracellular [] of fluid w/out disruption of BBB . affects both white and grey matter. Happens in stroke and haemorrhage. DOES NOT RESPOND WELL TO TREATMENT
Cytotoxic Oedema affects mainly —-1—– whilst vasogenic oedema affects —–2—-
1 White Matter
2 Grey Matter
WHat type of necrosis happens in the brain? what happens after resolution?
liquefactive Necrosis, after resolution there is a CSF filled cyst left behind
What are lacunar infarctions?
Infarcts caused by occlusion of the small penetrating arteries of the brain deep structures
What are the main causes of cerebral haemorrhages?
Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
Amyloid Angiopathy
What are hypertensive haemorrhages caused by?
Rupture of arteriole with Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
Where are hypertensive haemorrhages more likely?
Basal Ganglia/Thalamus Lobar White Matter Cerebellum Pons NO GREY MATTER
What is Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy?
Deposition of Aß blaques in the wall of of superficial supratentorial blood vessels
What are the causes of Subarachnoid Haemorrhages?
Rupture of Aneurysm (*Berry, Mycotic, Atherosclerotic)
Trauma
Extension of intraparenchymal haemorrhage
What are berry saccular aneurysm?
Congenital abnormalities at the site of bifurcation of the circle of willis
What are some of the risks factors for the rupture berry saccular aneurysm?
Female, Age and hypertension
Where are berry saccular aneurysms more likely?
Anterior Circulation
ACA and Anterior Communicating Artery
Blood in the brain parenchyma causes vaso—-
Spasms which can cause death of tissue due to hypoxia
What do most people with cerebral infarction die of?
Involvement of vital centres Cerebral swelling *penumonia *cardiovascular disease *pulmonary thromboembolism
