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Neuroscience > CNS Infections > Flashcards

CNS Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

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2
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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3
Q

How much time one has to send the CSF for analysis?

A

1 hr

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4
Q

WHat is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

Viral

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5
Q

Aseptic Meningitis means there is no pathogenic cause T/F

A

F, just that nothing grew on culture. could be due to viruses or the patient being given Antibiotics

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6
Q

Main cause of bacterial meningitis in children and adults?

A

Neisseria meningitides (AUs B-C, World A)
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophylus influenza B (<5yo)

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7
Q

Main cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates?

A 
Neisseria meningitides (AUs B-C, World A)
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophylus influenza B 
E coli
Neisseria monocytogenes
Group B streptococci
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8
Q

Main symptoms and signs of meningitis?

A 
stiff neck
photophobia
fever
vomiting 
headache
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9
Q

What does bacterial sources of meningitis in adults share in common?

A

Capsulated and can inhabit nose

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10
Q

What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis?

A

grow bacteria from the CSF: Culture, Gram Stain, PCR

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11
Q

Is symptoms of meningitis are present but CSF is normal what is the diagnosis?

A

Suspected Meningitis

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12
Q

if patient has meningococcal meningitis what must have he had beforehand?

A

meningococcaemia (purpuric rash: non blanching)

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13
Q

Characteristics of CSF

A

Glucose 60% of blood
protein <5x10^6 u/l
Blood -

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14
Q

Characteristics of viral meningitis

A

high glucose
low protein
100s lymphocytes

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15
Q

Characteristics of bacterial meningitis

A

1000s lymphocytes
low glucose
high protein
gram +

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16
Q

Treatment of meningitis

A

1 Resuscitation/life support
2 fluids
3 antibiotics
4 contact prophylaxis

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17
Q

What causes the symptoms in bacterial meningitis?

A

the immune response

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18
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis?

A

3Rd gen cephalosporins
If neonates
+ penicillin and gentomycin

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19
Q

Define encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain parenchyma mainly due to viral infection

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20
Q

Most common cause of viral encephalitis

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

21
Q

Neurotropism
Neuroinvasiveness
Neurovirulence

A

1 replicates in nerve cells
2 enters and infects the CNS
3 capable of causing disease within nervous system

22
Q

Most common pathogen in meningitis

A

Enteroviruses

23
Q

What is one of the most serious viral diseases? cause

A

Viral encephalitis, herpes simplex virus and rabies virus

24
Q

What is post-infectious encephalitis?

A

inflammation and demyelination of the brain without any pathogen present (measles, chickenpox, rubella, mumps)

25
Q

Guillan Barre syndrome?

A

acute inflammatory demyelinating disease following viral infection (EBV, cytomegalovirus and HIV) causes debilitating paralysis

26
Q

Reye’s Syndrome

A

Cerebral oedema w/out inflammation post infection of influenza or chickenpox in children (25% mortality rate) related with aspirin use for fever

27
Q

Viruses that are obligated neurotropics?

A

Herpes simplex virus and Rabies virus

28
Q

What virus can only reach the brain by blood infection?

A

polio

29
Q

What is the form of the genome for herpes virus?

A

linear dsDNA

30
Q

herpes virus has low —-1– but high —2—

A

neuroinvasiveness

neurovirulence

31
Q

What is the most common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis?

A

herpes simplex virus

32
Q

is herpes simplex virus enveloped?

A

yes, icosahedral

33
Q

Neuronal route is the most common way of infecting the brain by HSV?

A

true, rarely by blood

34
Q

What is the main way varicella zooster might reach the brain?

A

by blood after replication in the airway mucosa

35
Q

when does the rash appears in varicella zooster infection?

A

in the secondary viraemia after replicating in the spleen and the liver

36
Q

latent reactivation of varicella zooster virus shows as

A

Shingles

37
Q

Which viral infection produces LATs and ehat are they?

A

Latency Activated mRNA, because the DNA remains in the ganglia as episomes
Herpes Simplex virus

38
Q

WHat type of genome does rabies virus has? is it enveloped?

A

-RNA and yes

helical

39
Q

Rabies is both very —1— and —-2—-

A

neuroinvasive and neurovirulent

40
Q

where does rabies replicates before reaching the nerves?

A

muscle tissue at place of bite

41
Q

Rabies virus is perfect in hiding from the inmmune system T/F

A

F, its replication causes glycoproteins to show in the host cells membrane

42
Q

What part of the rabies virus is transported by the nerves?

A

nucleocapside

43
Q

Nerves show MCH 1

A

No they do not

44
Q

WHat is the characteristics of polio virus?

A

+RNA
no envelope
icosahedral capsule
belongs to enterovirus

45
Q

polio virus has low —-1– but high —2—-

A

Neuroinvasiveness

neurovirulence

46
Q

polio virus is neurotropic

A

False

47
Q

what is one of the complications of polio virus infection?

A

acute IRREVERSIBLE flaccid paralysis (<1%)

48
Q

why does poliovirus causes acute IRREVERSIBLE flaccid paralysis

A

because it is able to kill the cells of the ventral horn of the spine (also able to cross bbb)

Neuroscience (31 decks)

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