Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pathway sound must travel by to reach the oval window?

A

Tympanic Membrane - Malleus - Incus - Stapes - Oval Wndow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ratio Tympanic Membrane : Oval Window

A

the first is 20x bigger thus there is an amplification of the wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the cochlea?

A

Scala Vestibuli
Scala Media
Scala Tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the basilar membrane found?

A

between the scala media and scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tonotopia?

A

the coding of different information by the basilar membrane depending on the frequency of the sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What area of the basilar membrane codes for higher frequencies?

A

the stiffer part: the base (close to the oval window)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What area of the basilar membrane codes for lower frequencies?

A

the less stiff part: the apex (away from oval window)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of cells code for sound and where are they found?

A

Hair Cells

on the basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is at the top of the hair cells?

A

Stereocillia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of hair cells can be damaged by aspirin or gentomycin or other ototoxic compunds? and what is the result of the damage?

A

Outer hair cells

Loss of hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the efferent signal for the outer hair cells come from?

A

Superior Olivary Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do inner hair cells do?

A

Sound coding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the stereocillia of the outer hair cells attaching to?

A

the tectorial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the outer hair cells?

A

increase movement of the basilar membrane when low intensity waves reach the cochlea
depolarisation causes contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of channels sit at the top of the inner hair cells? how are they activated?

A

K+ channels

Mechanically Activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Kinocillium?

A

tallest sterocillia at the top of the inner hair cell

17
Q

Movement towards the Kinocillium causes 1

Movement away from the Kinocillium causes 2

A 
1 Depolarisation (Always bigger)
2 Hyperpolarisation
18
Q

activation of the inner hair cells causes the release of the neurotransmitter….

A

Glutamate

19
Q

Which scala is filled with high [k+]

A

scala media

20
Q

How is K recycled for activation of the inner hair cells?

A

thanks to K channels between the scala media and the scala tympani

21
Q

what is the middle ear’s function?

A

impedance matching, without it all the sound would just bounce back

22
Q

Where does the information of the auditory pathway is integrated?

A

Superior Olivary Complex

23
Q

Where is the cell body of the CN8?

A

Spiral Ganglion within the chochlea

24
Q

The nerve cells of CN8 are bipolar T/F

A

T

25
Q

The information that reaches each Superior Olivary Complex comes from one ear only

A

F, information comes from both

26
Q

Where is the nucleus of CN8?

A

Pons

27
Q

in which lobe is the auditory cortex?

A

Temporal Lobe

28
Q

Information from the Superior Olivary Complex travels via

A

the lateral lemniscus

29
Q

what midbrain structure connects the lateral lemniscus of the pons with the Medial Geniculate Nucleus of the thalamus

A

the inferior colliculus

30
Q

What is the Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN) related to

A

Hearing

31
Q

in the cortex of the brain is there asymmetrical representation of complex sounds? if so how it it divided?

A

Speech-> left

Music -> Right

32
Q

the auditory cortex is tonotropic (T/F) and receives information from one ear only (T/F)

A

T

F

33
Q

What is the pathway for sound signalling?

A

Inner Hair Cells - CN8 (Spiral Ganglion) - Chochlear Nuclei - Superior Olive (x2) - Lateral Lemniscus - Inferior Colliculus - Medial Geniculate Nucleus - Auditory Cortex

34
Q

At what site do we determine where is sound coming from?

A

Superior Olivary Complex

35
Q

The medial superior olive localises time depending on… (1)… and this is the most relevant form for —-2–

A

1 Time Delay

2 Low frequencies

36
Q

Time Delay analysis of sound depends on

A

more neurons are activated by the ear where the sound is closer to

37
Q

Localising sound by intensity differences happens in

A

Lateral Superior Olive and Medial Nucleus of Trapezius Body

38
Q

Localising sound by intensity differences is more relevant for

A

Higher Frequencies

39
Q

What is the process of Localising sound by intensity differences

A

1 one nuclei gets activated more than the other
2 lateral superior olive sends excitatory signal to ipsilateral Medial Nucleus of Trapezius Body which then sends inhibitory signal to contralateral lateral superior olive
3 Both lateral superior olives send signals to the higher centres but one is going to be stronger than the other due to more inhibition from Medial Nucleus of Trapezius Body

Neuroscience (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions