Histology of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the main types of cells that constitute the Nervous System?
Neurons, astrocytes, onligodendrocytes, Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Schawn Cells and Satellite Cells of the Ganglia
What are the main types of ganglia found in the Peripheral NS?
Sensory
Autonomic
What are nissl bodies?
organelles of the neurons close to the nucleus [RER, ribosomes]
How does the nuclei of neurons stain?
Not very strongly, pale
How many layers of cells has the cortex of the CNS?
6
What is the most abundant cell between neurons and astrocytes?
Astrocytes
What is white matter made of?
Neuronal Axons
What is grey matter made of?
Cell bodies
What is the main function of the ventricular system? and where is the main product produced?
Production and circulation of CSF
Choroid Plexus
What type of cells is in charge of producing CSF?
Ependymal Cells
What is a synapse?
Functional Junction between 2 neurons
Neuronal Cytoskeleton if formed by what type of structureS?
Actin
Microtubules
Intermediate Fillaments
Which of the filaments are dynamic and where are they located?
Actin –> Growth Cones and Spines
Microtubules —-> Axons
Where are the Intermediate Fillaments located?
All the processes of the neuron
Main function of the astrocytes?
environment control for the neuron, such as regulating [K, glutamate,GABA]
Control of blood flow
What causes astrocyte glial contraction?
Ca+2 Wave due to glutamate binding
How do astrocytes modulate neuronal functioning?
By uptaking Ca+2 and releasing ATP which hyperpolarises the neuron
Also by taking from the environment neurotransmitters
what si the main cell type of the microglia?
Macrophage like cells (from same origin as macrophages but restricted to CNS)
What is considered as CNS?
Spinal cord and brain
Main function of the oligodrendrocytes?
Production of the myelin sheath of neurons in the CNS
What does myelin does to the neuron?
increases conduction rate
how many oligodendrocytes are per neuron?
1 oligodendrocyte provides processes for several neurons
oligodendrocytes coven the enterity of the neuron without leaving spaces T/F
F, spaces are called Nodules of Ranvier
Which of the layers of connective tissue is vascularised and provides support for neurons and the schawn cell?
Endoneuron
From inside out starting at the neuron describe the layers around the neuron?
Neuron – Endoneuron - Perineuron - Epineuron
What is the function of satellite cells?
support cells of the ganglia
What is the main contributor to BBB?
Endothelial Cells –> Tight Junctions
