STRESS: Ind - Hardiness A03

Question 1

Hardiness :)

Answer 1

Hardiness Training

Research support: Maddi & Bartone

Question 2

Hardiness :(

Answer 2

Importance of all 3 Cs: Maddi / Sandvick

Methodology: Self-report

Question 3

Hardiness :) H/T

Answer 3

Hardiness training encourages individuals to take control of their stress; helpful in stress reduction

Question 4

Hardiness :) Research Support

Answer 4

Maddi: Researched employees of Bell Telephone Company who were experiencing a stressful period of redundancies and reorganisation
- 1/3 of individuals were hardy
- These individuals experienced less stress-related illnesses (heart problems) and mental health problems (depression)

Bartone: Soldiers with a hardy personality:
- More able to cope with stress
- In life & in combat
- Less likely to experience PTSD and long term effects (depression)

Question 5

Hardiness :( Importance of all 3 Cs

Answer 5

Maddi: All 3 Cs are required to be hardy
Sandvick: Studied 21 navy cadets: found that while all had high hardiness, some were high in commitment and control but low in challenge - group was named the ‘unbalanced’ group and when compared to the balanced hardy group, the group showed more damaging immune responses to stress
- being low in challenge may make inds more vulnerable to stress in ambiguous situations [suggests that particular parts of the personality play bigger parts than others]

Question 6

Hardiness :( Methodology

Answer 6

Research uses self-report methods
Self-report: social desirability; lacks validity
Several scales to measure hardiness; can be confusing