ADDICTION: Ind - Personality A01 Flashcards
Antisocial Personality Disorder Description
People with ASPD have a disregard for the rights of others
- likely to violate social norms
- show a lack of remorse
- engage in social manipulation
- are frequent liars
⭐Messina et al.- 90% of those with ASPD have a substance use disorder⭐
Eyesenck’s Theory of Personality
Suggested there are 3 dimensions related to personality upon which a personality can be measured
Extraversion /Introversion
Neuroticism / Stability
Psychoticism / Normality
Extraversion / Introversion
Neuroticism / Stability
Psychoticism / Normality
Ex: Sociable, lively & optimistic
In: Reserved & quiet
High in neuroticism: High levels of anxiety, can be moody & irritable
High in stability: More controlled & even-tempered
Extraversion / Introversion
Neuroticism / Stability
Psychoticism / Normality
Ex: Sociable, lively & optimistic
In: Reserved & quiet
High in neuroticism: High levels of anxiety, can be moody & irritable
High in stability: More controlled & even-tempered
High on the psychoticism scale: Impulsive, impatient, aggressive & creative
Eyesenck’s theory of personality link to addiction
Eysenck - Resource model of addiction: addiction develops because it fulfils a need relating to a personality profile
- Important role for psychoticism & neuroticism
Gossop & Eysenck - Researched over 200 drug addicts; found that addicts had high P & N scores but low E and L scores than the control group
Psychoticism & Impulsivity
A trait of psychoticism is impulsivity
→ Addicts often act impulsively (e.g. smoking has no short term negative side effect so indulging is okay)
de Wit / Dalley et al. / Stevens et al.
Psychoticism & Impulsivity - de Wit
Review of studies finding impulsiveness was both a cause & effect of drug abuse
Psychoticism & Impulsivity - Dalley et al.
Impulsive rats increased cocaine intake more than low impulsivity rats
Psychoticism & Impulsivity - Stevens et al.
Impulsive individuals were more likely to drop out and less likely to achieve and maintain abstinence (Impulsivity causes problems when addicts attempt to abstain)
Neuroticism & Self-medication
Individuals high in neuroticism may be self-medicating their stress & anxieties with substance abuse
Sinha / Baumeister
Neuroticism & Self-medication - Sinha
Highlighted the role that stress plays in the initiation of an addiction but also the relapse
Low self-esteem - a feature of high neuroticism
Neuroticism & Self-medication - Baumeister
suggests people with low self-esteem may act in a manner which is self-defeating in order to escape self-awareness
- They use addiction as a means of avoiding their negative feelings toward themselves
Extraversion & Addiction
The relationship between extraversion & addiction is more complex than that and neuroticism & psychoticism - may depend on the type of addiction
Gossop & Eysenck - Found drug addicts had lower extraversion scores
- Replicated study found that there was little difference in extraversion scores of gambling addicts & a control group
