Ethical Costs Controversy

Question 1

Ethical Costs Intro + 4

Answer 1

Does scientific benefit outweigh the ethical cost to ppts.
DOUBLE DILEMMA - clash between needs of researcher and the ppts
Aronson - suggests cost-benefit analysis = one way to deal w ethical issues
BENEFITS / INDIVIDUAL PPTS. / POTENTIAL NEG CONSEQUENCES / ETHICAL GUIDELINES

Question 2

Ethical Costs - Benefits 3

Answer 2

W+R - development of SD as phobia treatment :) + :(
Bowlby - childcare procedures & ability to form positive relationships
Milgram - reduced prejudice & discrimination / helped understanding

Question 3

Ethical costs - individual ppts.

Answer 3

Amount of harm research can cause
W+R - risk of harm / valid consent
Bowlby - risk of harm / valid consent / confidentiality
Milgram - risk of harm / deception

Question 4

Ethical costs - potentially negative consequences for society

Answer 4

Socially sensitive research: consideration of all groups > stopping as research
Avoiding = research only on unimportant areas
:( - always some social consequences to ppts (increase potential to have indirect impact on fam / group representing ppts w/ ss research)

Raine et al. - socially sensitive research: murderers NGRI
- helped development of psychological research into brain areas
- identified specific psychological processes which may predispose criminals to violent behaviour

Question 5

Ethic costs - Risk management techniques used by psychologists

Answer 5

Maximise beneifts & minimise risk to ppts = development of ethical guidelines by APA and BPS
:( - subjective: inconsistent application (result in variances in application)
:( - risk to ppts: may not be evident until the research has commenced (Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study - abuse escalated & ppts = unsafe and unsanitary conditions)
:( - limit & restrict: some of most insightful pieces of research ≠ carried out w/ ethical guidelines

Question 6

Ethical costs controversy - Mnemonic

Answer 6

Bwbm / Iwbm / Nss-R / R :( srl +z