Stress: Biogical Flashcards
Stress
General term that could refer to a stressor or a response to stress
Stressor
A situation or stimulus that elicits the stress response
Stress response
Physiological response to stressor (fight or flight)
How do we have a stress response?
Caused by a perception of adverse or threatening stimuli
What does the endocrine system do?
Transmits info and regulating bodily functions, by releasing hormones
3 types of hormones
Amines
Proteins & peptides
Steroids
Amines
Epinephrine from the adrenal glands
Proteins and peptides
Insulin from the pancreas
Steroids
Cortisol from the adrenal glands
Why is a cell a target?
Because it has a specific receptor for the hormone
Systems involved in stress response
Autonomic- is active
Endocrine
What are adrenal glands
Two small glands located on each kidney top
What do each adrenal glands consist of
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Adrenal
Adrenal cortex
Releases steroids after it is stimulated by ACTH adrenoCorticoTropic hormone
Immediate effects of stress response
Increased:
Heart rate, oxygen intake, glucose levels, blood flow to muscles
Inhibition of: digestion & immune system
HPA (Harry potters ass)
Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis
LONG TERM
SAM
Sympathetic adrenal medullary
SHORT TERM STRESS RESPONSE
Thalamus
Acts as a gatekeeper to filter sensory stimuli
Hormones
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Glucocorticoid
Axis
Sequential signalling between endocrine glands/ tissues
Amygdala
Involved in the control and expressions of emotions (fear, anxiety)
Moderates the HPA- axis
Hippocampus
Involved in memory consolidation of influences by cortisol
Adverse effects of stress
Long term exposure to stressors cause physiological and physical harm
Chronic elevated glucocorticoid levels are associated with
High blood pressure
Damage to muscle tissue
Steroid diabetes
Infertility
